220 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OP 



Of three Mohawk skulls exhumed near Manheim, in New York, two are long- 

 heads, (Nos. 895, 896), and one (No. 897) is intermediate in form between 

 the long and short-headed groups. They may be said to belong to the arched 

 form. They are shorter, broader and rounder in the base than the Cherokees, 

 Arickarees, Assinaboins, Minetaris, Iroquois, &c, but less round than the 

 Creeks, Chetimaches, &c. The posterior region is full, and the occipital pro- 

 tuberance though well developed, is not so prominent a feature as in some 

 of the long heads. 



The Oneida skull (No. 33) exhibits the arched form. It is a long, narrow 

 head with a long, narrow face and small cheek bones. 



The Seneca cranium (No. 1516) belongs to a peculiar variety of the same 

 general form, but is broader, and has fuller frontal and occipital regions, and 

 a broader base. Both it and the Oneida are long heads. Occipital region 

 rather flat. 



The skull of Wan-yun-ta, a Cayuga Chief, (No. 417), is a very long, narrow, 

 oval head, somewhat kumbecephalic, with a prominent occipital protuberance. 



The Huron crania belong partly to the Brachyephali, and partly to the 

 Mesocephali. No. 15, the head of a Huron Chief, killed near Detroit, is a 

 massive, strongly marked and brutish skull. The forehead is flat and re- 

 ceding ; the superciliary ridges very prominent ; superior maxilla everted ; 

 lower jaw ponderous and flared out at the angles after the manner of the typical 

 Eskimau skull ; malar bones projecting ; ossa nasi much incurvated ; junction 

 of parietal bones ridged or keel-like ; skull rather narrow ; occipital pro- 

 tuberance pretty well marked ; anterior bregmatic region elevated, giving an 

 arched outline to the whole head ; occipital flatness in the upper part of the 

 posterior region. In its general configuration, as viewed laterally, it resem- 

 bles the Creek and Chetimache skulls, but differs from them in greater eleva- 

 tion of crown. This coronal elevation is shown also in the other three skulls 

 in this group, (Nos. 607, a female, from Cleveland, Ohio, 1217 and 1218, also 

 female, from Detroit), which all exhibit this arched form, except No. 1217, 

 which is nearly round. They are all short-heads. Nos. 607 and 1218 have 

 the Swedish form of occiput ; the shelving, however, is not well marked, and 

 the occipital protuberance not very prominent. In No. 1217 the occiput 

 is flattened both above and below the protuberance. The whole posterior region 

 is here broad and flat. 



Thirty-five crania from eight different tribes have been contributed to the 

 collection from the States of Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Florida 

 and the Southern part of Tennessee ; or, in other words, from that section of 

 the United States comprised between the Cumberland River and the Gulf of 

 Mexico, and the Savannah and Sabine rivers. These tribes are the Cherokees, 

 Muscogees or Creeks, Yamassees, Seminoles, Uches, Choctaws, Natchez and 

 Chetimaches. 



There are six Cherokee skulls in the collection. Of these two, (Nos. 632, 634) 

 belonged to women, and two (Nos. 633, 635) to young girls, while two ancient 

 crania from the mounds in South Carolina (Nos. 1285, 1297) are males. 



No. 632, found "in a cave at Springtown, Polk Co., Tennessee, north of the 

 river Hiwassee, and near an ancient battle-ground," is a beautifully formed 

 female head, setat 20 years. It is regularly and symmetrically oval. The 

 forehead, though low, rises evenly and gradually from the nasal suture p 

 towards the coronal region, which region slopes away as gradually and is lost 

 in the flattened and shelving upper half of the occiput, below which appears 

 the regularly and smoothly protuberant occipital prominence. The head is a 

 long, narrow oval, and belongs to the Dolichocephali. The base is long and 

 narrow, the face small, and the nasal bones moderately prominent, with a 

 rather sharp line of junction. It is a better formed head than the Assinaboin 

 and Arickaree skulls. The Arickaree approaches it more nearly than the 

 Assinaboin. No. 633, a Cherokee girl, astat 14 years, which was found with 

 the preceding, has the same general characters, but is not so regularly oval 



[May, 



