NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 221 



in contour. The nasal bones are natter, and the superior maxillary more 

 prominent. The latter bone, singularly enough, somewhat resembles that of 

 a Japanese skull in the collection. The rest of the head is, however, very 

 different. In No. 634, a woman, setat 20, the receding forehead rises much less 

 regularly and more abruptly towards the vertex. The posterior region as a 

 whole i? fuller and rounder, in consequence of the protuberance of the occipital 

 bone being less prominent, and the shelving and flattening of the upper part 

 not so great. The base is fuller posteriorly and less narrow than that of No. 

 632, approaching in this and some other respects the two Mound heads, 

 presently to be noticed. No. 633 may, in fact, be regarded as intermediate in 

 form and characters between these Mound heads and No. 632. In the characters 

 just mentioned, the two Mound heads (Nos. 12S5, 1297) exhibit some differ- 

 ence. The whole head is larger, has a higher internal capacity, and is very 

 roughly marked, the prominences and depressions being particularly well 

 developed. The coronal region is oblong instead of being oval, the forehead 

 flatter, the superciliary ridges strongly displayed, the nasal bones small and 

 iucurvated, the alveolar margin of the superior maxillary prominent even to 

 prognathism, malar bones heavy, protuberant and rough ; occipital region 

 flatly protuberant, the flatness not being confined to the upper part, but 

 ascribable to the whole occipital region, a feature mainly due to the greater 

 prominence of the superior and anterior portion of the ossa parietalia, the 

 diminished inclination of the posterior part of these bones, and the flat surface 

 presented by the occipital protuberance. The base behind the meati is very 

 broad, the mastoid processes large and heavy, and the lower jaw massive and 

 deep at the symphysis. Still these heads are Dolichocephali. 



The crania of the Creek nation exhibit the same peculiar type to which the 

 Chetimache skull belongs, and of which it may be regarded as the standard. 

 No. 441 (Creek warrior from Alabama) is brachycephalic. No. 579, the skull 

 of Athlaha-Ficksa, a full-blood Creek Chief, is somewhat looger, flatter on the 

 top, and less round. Concerning this head, Dr. Morton thus writes : "The 

 broad but low forehead, and the width between the parietal bones, are highly 

 characteristic in this head: a front view is given of it, in order to convey an 

 accurate idea of the osteology of the Indian face.* Thus we see the large and 

 projecting cheek-bones, an arched and prominent bridge of the nose, powerfully 

 developed jaws and remarkably perfect teeth. The distance between the eyes 

 is even greater than is usual, yet the orbits themselves are not large in propor- 

 tion." No. 751, a Creek woman of Georgia, is a long, oval head with a pro- 

 tuberant occipital boss, and a superiority flattened occipital region, approxi- 

 mating in some respects the Kimbric skulls in the collection. In No. 1454, a 

 Creek Indian skull of Western Arkansas, the type again Varies. The occipital 

 region as a whole is greatly protuberant, yet this prominence is gradually lest 

 in the median line of the crown. In an equally gradual manner the forehead 

 and the sides blend with the coroaal region, the most elevated point of which 

 is in the anterior part of the sagittal suture. 



The specimens in the collection constituting the Seminole group vary not a 

 little from each other. Some are long, and others short. No. 45G (plate 24 of 

 Crania Americana) is around, high, almost globular head, peaked at the junc- 

 tion of the coronal and sagittal sutures. No. 604 (plate 22 of Crania Ameri- 

 eana) is a longer head, whose full length I find, upon examination, is not fairly 

 shown in the first wood-cut on page 166 of Crania Americana. For the head 

 is more symmetrical, the flatness of the posterior region being more decided 

 on the left than on the right side. It is from the shortened side that the wood- 

 cut is taken. The increased length of the head appears to be mainly due to 

 the very protuberant os occipitis. The crown is les3 elevated than in the pre- 

 ceding skull. No. 698 is a moderately long and oval head and is more highly 



* See Crania Americana, plate 26, for a facial view, and the figures on p. 170, for lateral, coronal 

 and posterior views of this skull. 



1866.] 



