NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 235 



H. Prognathic or Negroid Form. 



Lenni-Lenape, No. 40. I Maya, No. 990. 



Narragansett, No. 953. 



From the foregoing statements and from a careful examination of the pre- 

 ceding tables we may conclude : 



1st. That the crania of the Aboriginal Americans are divisible into Dolicho- 

 cephalic, Mesocephalic and Brachycephalic groups. 



2d. That the Dolichocephali greatly preponderate in numbers over the Meso- 

 cephali and Bracbycephali. 



3d. That in the case of the Peruvian skulls in the Academy's collection, 

 however, the short, square heads are more numerous than the elongated forms. 

 4th. That in North America neither the Dolichocephalic nor Brachycephalic 

 tribe9, when first known to Europeans, were restricted in their geographical 

 distribution to any particular locality. While the former were scattered over 

 the continent, through all degrees of latitude and longitude; the latter appear 

 to have been, if we may judge from the specimens in the Museum, more numer- 

 ous about the Great Lakes, at various places in the interior, in the south near 

 the Gulf of Mexico, in the so-called Paduca area, and especially along the 

 north-west coast. In general terms we may say that on the eastern or A an- 

 tic side of the continent the Dolichocephali appear to have prevailed ; and on the 

 western or Pacific side the Brachycephali. This in a great measure seems 

 to have been, and still is the case in South America. 



5th. That long and short-headed tribes or races are very commonly found 

 throughout the two Americas side by side. In the extreme north, for example, 

 dolichocephalic and brachycephalic forms are contrasted in the Esquimaux 

 and their geographical neighbors, the Konaegi or Kadiakan Aleutians; and 

 again in the far south these diverse forms are exhibited in the Patagoni-ins 

 and Puelches. 



6th. That this contrast in cranial forms existed among the extinct races of 

 America, as it now does among extant tribes. 



7th. That in comparing the old and new worlds by their cranial forms, we 

 find that while in Europe and Asia the hrachycephalic is the prevalent form, 

 in North America the dolichocephalic is the predominant type. 



8th. That while in Africa all the people are dolichocephalic, in South Ame- 

 rica they are nearly equally divided between the long and short forms. 



9th. That while in Europe and Asia the Polar or Arctic people are chiefly 

 brachycephalic, in America they are wholly dolichocephalic. 



10th. That various European, Asiatic and African crania, such as those of 

 Norwegians, Swedes, Anglo-Saxons, the Germanic or long-headed G rmans, 

 the Gothic or short- headed Germans, the Finns, Lapps, Turks, Sclavonians, Kal- 

 mucks, Burats, Prognathic Negroes, &c, find representatives among the native 

 cranial forms of America. 



11th. That this homoiocephalic representation is not confined to normal 

 skull-forms, but is shown in abnormal or artificially distorted skulls also. 



12th. That the Dolichocephali are divisible into at least six well-marked 

 forms or types, viz. : the pyramidal, boat-shaped, oval, cylindrical oblong and 

 arched. 



13th. That the Brachycephali maybe divided into round or globular, and 

 square or cuboidal classes. 



14th. That the Mesocephali also consist of two sub-groups, one of which is 

 transitionary to the square or cubical, and the other to the round or globular 

 Brachycephali. , 



15th Tnat these ethnical or typical "groups are founded upon osteological 

 differences as great, and apparently as constant, as those which, in Europe, 

 suffice to separate the Germanic and Celtic stocks on the one hand, from the 

 TJgrian, Turkish and Sclavonian, on the other. 



1866.] 



