QUADKUMANA. 57 



Monkeys, properly so called, 



Or those of the eastern continent, have the same number of grin- 

 ders as Man, but otherwise differing from each other by characters, 

 which have formed the grounds of the following subdivisions. The 



/^A/^^'K-^if. SiMiA, Erxl. PiTHEcus, Geoffr. 



The Ourangs(l) are the only monkeys of the ancient continent 

 which have no callus on the buttock 5 their hyoid bone, liver and 

 caecum resemble those of Man. Their nose is not prominent, they 

 have no cheek-pouches, nor a vestige of a tail. Some of them have 

 arms long enough to reach the ground when standing their legs, 

 on the contrary, are very short. 



S. satyrus, L. ; Audeb., pi. 2; Fr. Cuv. pi. 2. (The Ourang- 

 Outang.)(2) Of all animals, this Ourang is considered as ap- 

 proaching most nearly to Man in the form of his head, height 

 of forehead, and volume of brainj but the exaggerated descrip- 

 tions of some authors respecting this resemblance, are partly to 

 be attributed to the fact of their being drawn from young in- 

 dividuals only; and there is every reason to believe, that with 

 age, their muzzle becomes much more prominent. The body 

 is covered with coarse red hair, the face bluish, and the hinder 

 thumbs very short compared with the toes. His lips are sus- 

 ceptible of a singular elongation, and possess great mobility. 

 His history has been much disfigured by mingling it with that 

 of the other great monkeys, that of the Chimpanse in particu- 

 lar. After a strict and critical examination, I have ascertained 



vica and India, have been transferred to those of America. The genus Papio, 

 founded solely on the shortness of the tail, could not be retained, as it violated 

 natural affinities, and all the others required subdividing'. It was also necessaiy 

 to abolish the genus Oinstitis, wliich was comprised in that of the Sagouins, but 

 which does not altogether correspond with the common characters of the other 

 monkeys. 



(1) Orang is a Malay word signifying reasonable bemg, which is applied to man, 

 the ourang-outang, and the elephant. Outang means wild, or of the woods; hence, 

 Wild Man of the Woods. 



(2) The only good figure of the Ourang-Outang we had for a long time was that 

 of Vosmaer, taken from a living specimen at the Hague. That of Euffon, Suppl. 

 VIII, pi. 1, is every way erroneous ; that of Allamand(BufF. d'HoU. XV, pi. 11,) is 

 somewhat better it was copied in Schreber, pi. 2, 15. That of Camper, copied ib., 

 pi. 2, C, is tolerably exact, but is easily discovered to have been taken from the 

 dead body. Bontius, Med. Ind. 84, gives a completely ideal one, although Linnscus 

 took it for the type of his troglodyte ( Amzen. Ac. VI, pi. 1, 1). There are some 

 good ones in Griffith, and in Krusenstern's Voyage, pi. 94 and 95, but all of them 

 from young subjects. 



Vol. I. H 



