MAMMALIA. 75 



ORDER III. 



CARNARIA. 



This order consists of a considerable and varied assemblage 

 of unguiculated quadrupeds, possessing like Man and the 

 Quadrumana the three sorts of teeth, but which have no op- 

 posable thumb, to their fore-feet. Their food is animal, and 

 the more exclusively so, as their grinders are the more tren- 

 chant. Such as have them wholly or partly tuberculous, take 

 more or less vegetable aliment, and those in which they are 

 bristled with points live principally on Insects. The articu- 

 lation of their lower jaw, being transversely directed and 

 hinge-like, allows of no lateral motion, it can only open and 

 shut. 



Although the convolutions of the brain are still tolerably 

 well marked, it has no third lobe, nor does it cover the cere- 

 bellum any more than in the following families ; the orbit is 

 not separated from the temporal fossa in the skeleton; the 

 cranium is narrowed and the zygomatic arches widened and 

 raised, in order to give more strength and volume to the 

 muscles of their jaws. Their predominant sense is that of 

 smell, and their pituitary membrane is generally spread over 

 numerous bony laminae. The fore-arm has still the power of 

 revolving in nearly all of them, although with less facility than 

 in the Quadrumana, and they never have the thumb of the 

 anterior extremities opposed to the other toes. On account 

 of the substantial nature of the aliment, and to avoid the pu- 

 trefaction it would undergo by remaining too long in an elon- 

 gated canal, their intestines are less voluminous. 



There is a great variety in their forms and in the details of 



Travellers should search for certain animals drawn by Commerson, and which 

 M. Geoffroy has had engraved. Ann- Mus. XIX, 10, under the name of Clieirogakus. 

 These figures seem to announce a new g-enus or subgenus of the Quadrumana. 



