KUMINANTIA. 201 



of ribs, by a sort of curly wool, which covers the head and neck 

 of the bull, forming a short beard under the throat, and by its 

 grunting voice. It is a savage animal that has now taken refuge 

 in the great marshy forests of Lithuania, of the Krapacs and of 

 Caucasus, but which formerly inhabited all the temperate parts 

 of Europe. It is the largest quadruped proper to Europe. 



B. bison, L. ; B. americanus, Gm. ; Buff'. Supp. Ill, vj F. 

 Cuv. Mammif. (The Buff'alo or Bison of America.) The bony 

 head very similar to that of the Aurochs, and covered like it, 

 the neck and shoulders also, with frizzled wool, which be- 

 comes very long in winter; its legs and tail are shorter. Inha- 

 bits all the temperate parts of North America. 



B. bubalus, L.; Buif. XI, xxv; TVild Ox of Jlrachosia^ of Aris- 

 totle. (The Buff'alo.) Originally from India, and brought into 

 Egypt, Greece, and Italy during the middle century; has a 

 convex forehead, higher than wide, the horns directed side- 

 ways, and marked in front by a longitudinal ridge. This animal 

 is subdued with difficulty, but is extremely powerful, and prefers 

 the marshy grounds, and coarse plants on which the Ox could 

 not live. Its milk is good, audi the hide very strong, but the 

 flesh is not esteemed. 



There is a race of them in India, whose horns include a space 

 often feet from tip to tip: it is called Ami in Hindostan, and 

 is the Bos ami of Shaw. 



B. frontalis, Lambert, Linn. Trans. VII, pi. 4; and F. Cuv. 

 Mammif. (The Gyall.) Resembles the domestic Ox in the 

 greater part of its characters, but its horns are flattened from 

 before backwards, and are without angular ridges. They are 

 directed sideways and more or less upwards, but not backwards. 

 The hair is short and black, except on the forehead, and on a 

 line along the back, where it is grey or fawn-coloured, and on 

 the legs, where it is white. It is a domestic race in the moun- 

 tain districts of the north-west of India, and which is perhaps 

 descended from the Buff'alo and the common species. 



B. grunniens, Pall.; Horse-tailed Buffalo^ Grunting Cow of 

 Tartary, Sec; Sch. CCXCIX, A. B. (The Yack.) A small 

 species, with the tail completely covered with long hairs like 

 that of the Horse, and a long mane on the back. Its head 

 appears to resemble that of the Buffalo, but the horns have not 

 been sufficiently described. This animal, of which -lian has 

 spoken, is originally from the mountains of Thibet. Its tail 

 constitutes the standards still used by the Turks to distinguish 

 the superior officers, 



B. caffer, Sparm.; Schr. CCCI. (The Cape Buffalo.) Very 

 Vol. I. 2 A 



