254 AVES. 



the points of which latter diminish, and become weak, according to 

 the species so gradually, that it is impossible to fix a limit between 

 this subgenus and the Thrushes.(l) 



There are other Shrikes, whose superior mandible is straight, and 

 only hooked at the tip. Their form passes by insensible gradations 

 to that of the Fauvets and other Motacillae.(2) 



(1) The species with the strongest beaks are, for instance: the Cape-Shrike, 

 {Lan. collaris, Gm.); Enl. 477, 1; Vaill. Afric. pi. Ixi, Ixii. The Boubou, Vaill. 

 68 {Lan. bouJhoul, Sh.). The Bruhru, Vaill. 71 {Lan. capensis, Sh.). La Petite 

 Fie-gr. de Madug. (Lan. madagascariensis, Gm.) Enl. 299. La. Petite Pie-gr. 

 bleue {Lan. bicolor, Gm. ); Enl. 298. 1^,2. Pie-gr. de la Louisiane, (Lan. americanus,) 

 Enl. 397. The Sourciroux, Vaill. 76, 2, or the Tangara verderoux of BufF. {Tana- 

 gra guianensis, Gm.). The Black-Headed Shrike of the Sandwich Islands, {Lan. 

 melanocephalus, Gm.) Lath. Syn. I, 165. La Pie-gr. d queue pointue, [Lan. pyrr- 

 honotos,) Vieill. Gal. 135. 



The genus Lanio of Vieill. is founded on an arcuate-beaked Shrike; the edges 

 of whose upper mandible are somewhat angular. It is the Tangara mordori of 

 BufF. Enl. 809, 2 {Lan. airimpillu, Gm.). 



Among those species most nearly allied to the Thrushes, we may admit the Mus- 

 cicapa tamnophiloides, Spix, 26, 1. L'Oliva of Vaill. 75 and 76, 1 {Lan. oliva- 

 ceus, Sh.). The Gonolec, {Lan. barharus, Gm.); Enl. 56, Vaill. 169. The Lan. 

 gutturalis, Daud. Ann. Mus. Ill, 144, pi. sv; or the Pie-gr. Perrin. Vaill. 286. 

 Le Merle d plastron noir {Turdus zeilonus, Gm.); Enl. or the Bacbakiri, Vaill. 67 

 {Lan. bacbakiri, Sh.). La Cravatte blanche, \a.i\l. 115 {3Iotac. dubia, Sh.). The 

 Turdus crassirostris, Gm.; Lath. Syn. II, 34, which is the same as the Tanagra 

 capensis, Sparm. Carls, pi. xlv, and several others quite as equivocal. It is from 

 this subdivision, with weak bills, that Vieill. has estabhshed his genus Laniarius, 

 Galer. 143. 



His Vireo only differs from it in the beak being a little shorter and more slender, 

 Vir. Jlavifrons, Vieill. Am. 54, or 31uscic. syhicola, Wils., I, vii, 3. V. musicus, 

 Vieill. 52, or Music, cantatrix, AVils. II, xviii, 6, or Music, noveborucensis, Gm. 

 V. oUvaceus, Ch. Bonap., ov Muscic. oliv. Wils. II, xii, 3, or tamnophilus agilis, 

 Spix, 34, 1. V.gilvus, Ch. Bonap., or Muse, melodla, Wils. V, xhi, 2. They lead 

 us almost directly to the true F.auvets. 



(2) Le Blanchot, Vaill. Afr. 285, {Lan. icterus, Cuv.) or Thamnophilus, Vieill. Ga- 

 ler 139. The Grand battara, Azz. or Thamnophilus magnus, Pr. Max. or Th. albi- 

 venter, Spix, 32- The tchagra, Vaill. 70, {Lan. senegalensis, Spix, Lan. collurio 

 melanocephalus, Gm.) Enl. 479, 1 and 279, 1. The Fourmillier huppe. Buff. {Tur- 

 dus cirrhatus, Gm.) The Pie-gr. d huppe roussed'Amerique, {Lan. canadensis, Gm. ) 

 Enl. 479, 2, is the female. The Tachet, Vaill. 77, {Lan. pundatus, Sh.). The 

 Pie-g)\ ray cede Cayenne {Lan. doUatus) Enl. 297, 2, or radiuius, Spix, 35, 2. The 

 Pie-gr. bridee, {Lan. virgatus. Tern.) Col. 256, 1. The Pie-gr. masquee, [Lan. per- 

 sonatus. Id. or Lan. nubicus, Licht.) Col. 256, 2. The Thamnophilus Uneatus, 

 Spix, o?i. Th. strigilatus. Id. 36, 2. Th. melanoceph. Id. 39, 1. 2%. leuconotos, 

 lb. 2. 



The Pie-gr. rousse de Madag. {Lan. rufus, Gm.) Enl. 298. 



It is also among these straight beaked Shrikes that must be placed the Geai 

 longup., Vaill. 42, {Lan. galericulatus, Cuv.), but it leads to the Vanga. 



