PASSERINiE. 269 



Some of these birds appear to approach the Shrikes, in habits, 

 although there is nothing in the form of their beak which can dis- 

 tinguish them from other Thrushes. (l) 



There are no sensible characters by which we can distinguish cer- 

 tain African Thrushes, which live in flocks, are extremely clamor- 

 ous, feed on insects, and do much mischief in gardens. Several of 

 them are remarkable for the brilliant tints of their plumage, which 

 is of a browned steel colour,(2) and one of the former, by its cunei- 

 form tail, which is one-third longer than the body. (3) 



Add, of species foreign to Europe, with the breast or under part of the body 

 spotted; T. rufus, Gm., Enl, 645, and VieiU. Am. 59; T. fuscaius, Vieill. Am. 

 57, bisi T. minor, Gm. or T. mustellnus, Wils., or Gr. tannee, or Gr. solitaire, 

 Vieill. Am. 62 and 63; T. interpres, Kuhl., Col. 458. 



With the throat only spotted, at least in the adult, T. migratorius, L. Enl. 556; 

 Catesb. 29; Vieill. Am. 60, 61; Tl ocrocephalus. Col. 136; y. plumbeus, Enl. 

 560, Vieill. Am. 58; T. Faklandias, T.,T. olivaceus, Gm.; the grivron, Vaill. 

 Afr. 98; T. campestris, Pr. Max. 



With the flanks only spotted, T. pundatus, Sh. Zool. N. Holl. I, pi. ix, which is 

 the genus Cinclosoma, Vig. and Horsf., Lin. Trans. XV, p. 219. 



Of those not spotted underneath, T. Irasiliensis, Lath.; T. perspicillatus; T. 

 melanotis, or Eeclameur of Yaill. or T. vociferans, Zool. HI. 179: T. naevius, Vieill. 

 Am. 66; T. lividus, or Catbird of Wils. 14, 2 ,T. citrinus, Tem. Col. 445; jT. 

 rubripes, Id. 409; T. leucogaster, Enl. 648, 1; T. madagascariensis, Enl. 557, 1; 

 T. australasise, Sh. Nat. Miscel. \0\?r,Malurusfrenatus, Tem., Col. 385; 71 

 pedoralis, Enl. 644, 1; T. dnnamomeus, Enl. 560, 2; T. rufifrons, Enl. 644, 10. 

 These last three species have been improperly referred by iluffon to the Ant- 

 catchers. 



N.B. Tardus aurocapillus. Lath., Enl. 398, 2 and Vieill. Am. 64, (Motac aurocap., 

 L.,) is a true Motacilla, and must be placed witli the Faiivets; Tardus calliope 

 (Lath. Syn. Supplement, fig. of the title), should go with the Redbreasts; Tardus 

 eayanus, Enl. 515, is a female Ampehs; T. guyanensis, Enl. 398, fig. 1, is a female 

 of the Tanagra dominica, Enl. 156, 2, of which Vieill. has made his Bulus palma- 

 rum. Gal. 146. See App. XVI of Am. Ed. 



(1) We have already spoken, while on the Shrikes, of some species usually 

 placed among the Thrushes, such as. Tardus zeilonus, Enl. 272. It seems we 

 might also approximate to it the T. cafer, Enl. 563, Vaill., 107, which diflfers very 

 little even in colouring from the Laniusjocosus, Enl. 508. These two species would 

 also take along with them the T. capetisis, Enl. 317, Vaill. 105, and the T.chrysorr- 

 hceus, Tem., Vaill. 107. 



On the other hand, it would be difficult to separate from the zeilonus, the Ilausse- 

 col noir, Vaill. Afr., 110, and the Cravatte noir. Id. 115. 



(2) Particularly Tardus auratus, Enl. 540 [Nabirop, Vaill. Afr. 89), and Tur- 

 dusnidens, Enl. 561, {Couigniop, Vaill., 90.) 



Here also come the Oranvert {T. chrysogaster, Gm.) Enl. 358; the Spre'do (71 

 bicolor, Gm.), Vaill., Afi'., 83, or the Corvus rujipennis, Sh.; and probaMy the 

 Eclatant, Vaill. 85, and the Choucador, Id. 86, {Corpus splendidus, Sh. ) 



(3) Turdus 3eneus, Enl. 220 {Vert dor^, Vaill., 87). 



