302 AVES. 



tain forests, builds upon the beech, and eats almonds and all 

 sorts of fruits. 



There are two species with smaller beaks in Europe. 



Loxia chloris, L.; Le Ferdier; Enl. 672, 2; Naum. 120. (The 

 Green Grosbeak). Greenish above; yellowish beneath; external 

 edge of the tail, yellow. Inhabits the underwood, &c., and eats 

 all sorts of seeds. 



Fring. petronia, L.; La Soulcie ; Enl. 225; Naum. 116, 3, 4. 

 (The Ring Finch.) Which is commonly classed with the Finches, 

 whose colours it bears; but independently of its great beak, a 

 whitish line round the head, and a yellowish spot on the breast, 

 afford an evident mark of distinction. (l) 



There are some species that should be distinguished from the 

 Grosbeaks. 



PlTYLUS, CuV. 



The beak quite as large, slightly compressed, arcuated above, and 

 sometimes a salient angle on the middle of the edge of the upper 

 jaw.(2) 



Naturalists have long separated from them, 



. Pyrrhula, 



The Bullfinches, which have a rounded, inflated beak, arched in 

 every direction. There is one in France. 



Loxia pyrrhula^ L.; Enl. 145; Vieill. Gal. 56; Naum. 111. 

 (The Common Bullfinch.) Cinereous above; red beneath; calotte 

 black; reddish grey superseding the red in the female; builds on 

 various trees, and among the bushes along the road. It is natu- 

 rally a sweet songster, is easily tamed, and may be taught to 

 speak. There is a race of them known, a third larger.(3) 



LoxiAj Briss.(4) 



The Crossbills have a compressed beak, and the two mandibles so 

 strongly curved, that their points cross each other, sometimes on 



(1) It is very evident, that the petronia is not less a Grosbeak than the chloris. 



(2) Such are Lax. grossa, Enl. 154; L. canadanensis, Enl. 152, 2; L. erytro- 

 melas, Lath. II, pi. xlvii, and Vieill. Gal. 59; L. portoricensis, Daud. Ornith. II, 

 pi. xxix, or Pyrrhula auranticollis, Vieill. Gal. 55. 



(3) Add, Lox. lineola, Enl. 319, 1; M minuta, lb. 2;L. collaria, Enl. 393, 

 3; L. sibirica, Falk. Voy. Ill, pi. xxviii; Pyr. cinereola. Tern. Col. II, 1; P. 

 falcirostris, lb. 2; P. orihaginea, T. Col. 400; P. mysia, Vieill., Ois. cli. pi. xlvi, 

 and the pi. lix and ix of Spix. [Add. P. frontalis, Bon. I, p. vi, f. 1, 2. Jim. Ed.] 



(4) Loxia from xa^ot (curve) the name invented for this bird by Conrad Gesner. 

 Linnaeus applied it to the Grosbeaks generally. 



