330 AVES. 



from the north-east of Europe, somewhat larger than the major 

 and very similar to it; but the lower part of the back and rump 

 are always white, and the calotte of the male red. It sometimes 

 wanders as far as Germany. 



The species foreign to Europe are very numerous, and have a 

 great mutual resemblance, which even extends to certain dis- 

 tributions of colour; the red on the head for instance.(l) 

 There are certain species of Woodpeckers called by Lac6pede 

 PicoiDEs, in which the external toe is wanting; having, consequent- 

 ly, but two before, and one behind; but, in all other respects, they 

 are similar to the common ones. There is one of them in the north 

 and east of Europe. 



P.tndactylus;Edw. 114;Naum. 137. Intermediate, as to size, 



(1) Species analogous to the Black Woodpecker: P- pileatus, L. Enl. 718; 

 F. lineatus, L. Enl. 717; P. principalis, L. Enl. 690; P. gakatus, Natter. Col. 

 171, four closely allied species, to one of which probably belongs the P. melano- 

 leucos, Gm ; Lath. Syn. I, 2, t. xxv; P. rubricollis, Gm. Enl. 612; P. robustus, 

 Spix, 44; P. alblrostris. Id. 45; P. validus, T. Col. 378, and the female, 402; P. 

 erythrocephalus, I.. 'E.r\\.\l7,P.pulverulentus, T. Col. 389; P. concretus, Reinw. 

 Col. 90; P. chilensis, Voy. de la Coq. 32; P. torquatus, Wils. Am. Ill, xx, 3; P. 

 dominicanus, Spix, 50. 



Species analogous to the Green Woodpecker : P. percussus, T. Col. 390 and 

 424, the female; P. bengalensis, L. Enl. 695, of which P. aurantius, Gm. Briss. 

 IV, pi. vi, f. 1, is probably a mere variety; P. goensis, Gm. Enl. 696; P. auru- 

 lentus, lUig. Col. 59, fig- 1, or macrocephalus, Spix, 53, 2; P. puniceus, Horsf. 

 Col. 423; P. mentalis. Col. 384; P. ceyhnus, N. Nat. Forsch. 14, pi. 1; P. 

 goertan, Gm. Enl. 320; P. juanillensis, Gm.; Sonner. pi. xxxvi; P. senegaknsis, 

 Gm. Enl. 345, f. 2; P. passerinus, Gm.; Briss. IV, t. iv, f. 2; P. luzonicus. Nob. 

 Sonn. pi. xxxvii; P. miniatus, Gm. Ind. Zool. t. VI; P. chlorocephalus, Gm. 

 Enl. 784; P. exalbidus, Gm. Enl. 509; P. cinnamomeus, Gm. Enl. 524; P. pal- 

 alaca. Nob. Enl. 691; P. jumana, Spix, pochraceus a.nd JIavica7is, Id. 51. 



Species analogous to the Spotted Woodpeckers: P. rubriventris, Vieill. Gal. 

 27; P. hirundinaceus, L. Enl. 694; P. varius, Gm. Enl. 785; P. villosus, Gm. 

 Enl. 754; Wils. I, ix, 3; P. U7idosus, N. Enl. 533:, P. pubescens, Gm. Catesb. 

 31, 11; Wils. I, ix, 4. 



Species with a transversely striped beak: P. moluccensis, Gm. Enl. 748, f. 2; 

 P. bicohr, lb. f. 1; P. rufus, Gm. Enl. 694, f. 1, closely allied to the P. undatus, 

 Gm.; Edw. 332; P. caroUnus, Gm. Enl. 597 and 692; P. cayennensis, Gm. Enl. 

 613; P. melanochloris, Gm. Enl. 719; P. siriatus, Gm. Enl. 281 and 614; P. 

 superciliaris, T. Col. 443; P. Jlavesce7is, Gm.; Brown, II, pi. xii, and Spix, 49; 

 P. cardinalis, Sonn., pi. xxxv; P. querulus, Wils., Am. II, xv, 1; P. campestris, 

 Spix, 46; P. ntacej, T. Col. 59, 2. 



We should observe, that these distinctions of analogy, particularly when taken 

 from colours, are but of little importance, and that it is very possible that among 

 the above species, several may be found to constitute but one. 



N.B. The Picus auratus has become the genus Colaptks of Swainson. 



