GRALLATORIiE. 389 



is ash-coloured above, while beneath, and the breast shaded 

 with gvty, in summer, its plumage is fawn-coloured above, 

 spotted with black, small black spots front of the neck and 

 breast, and a black patch under the belly. It is then the Tr. 

 olpina, Gm., or Tr. cinchis, B. Enl. 852; Wils., VII, Ivi, 2. 

 The Tr. cinclus, L., Enl. 851, is an intermediate state.(l) 

 The CocoRLi only differs from the Sea-larks by its beak being 

 slightly arcuated. 



The species known, Scolopax suharcuata, Gm.; Numenius afri- 

 caniis, Lath.; Naum. 21, f. 28 and 20; f. 27, is, in winter, black- 

 ish ..hove, undulated with grey and whitish beneath; in summer 

 the back is spotted with black and fawn-colour, the wings are 

 grey, and the head and under part of the body red. It is found 

 everywhere, though very rarely. The 



Falcinellus(2) 



Has a beak somewhat more arcuated than that of the Cocorli; the 

 thumb, moreover, is deficient. 



One species only is known, Scol. pygmsea, L., a native of 

 Africa, but which has sometimes been seen in Europe. 



Machetes, Cuv.(3) 



The Ruffs are true Sandpipers in their bill and carriage; the 

 membrane between their external toes, however, is nearly as exten- 

 sive as in Totanus, Limosa, Sec. 



One species only is known, the Tringa piignax, L., Enl. 305, 

 306. It is somewhat smaller than a snipe, and celebrated for 

 the furious combats which take place among the males in the 

 nuptial season. At this period the head is partly covered with 

 red papillae, the neck is surrounded with a thick collar of fea- 

 thers, so variously arranged and coloured, and projecting in 

 such fantastic positions, that no two individuals can be found 

 alike; even before this epoch there is so much diversity in their 

 plumage, that many imaginary species have been described by 

 naturalists. (4) Their feet are always yellowish, which with 



(1) This is most probably the place for the Tringa macroptera, Sp\\, XCII. 

 Add Am. Spec. Tr. Schinzii, IJrehm.; Tr. pedoralis, Bonap.; Tr. platyr- 



hinca, Temm. .S^m. Ed. 



(2) Vieillot has changed this name into EnoLiA. It is not, as has been asserted, 

 destitute of a thumb. 



(3) M4t;t))7f, pugnator. iTsx/ifvoc, fuscus. 



(4) The Chevalier vari^. Buff., Sp. IV; Briss. V, pi. xvii, 2 (Tringa littorea, 

 L.; Tringa ochropus, B.,- littorea, Gm). Tlie Chevalier, properly so called, Buff. 



