TJie Scottish Naturalist. 257 



ous localities in Germany and elsewhere on the Continent, and 

 find that they differ from those previously described by me in 

 the very noticeable coating of erect brown hairs, in the more 

 rounded apex, and in not being so long nor projecting so 

 abruptly from the upper surface of the leaf. The two forms are 

 much the same size, however, and the raised wart on the lower 

 surface opposite the gall is the same in both, and both fall off 

 the leaf when mature. 



The smooth gall agrees very well in every respect with galls 

 figured by Bremi (' Monogr. d. Gallmiicken,' 1847, P- 2 3> t. 1. f. 

 13), under the name Cecidomyia tornatella, but from which he did 

 not rear the insect. So far as my own observation goes the 

 latter is much the less common gall on the Continent, though 

 the commoner in the north of Scotland. 



Juncus lamprocarpus, Ehrh. Pseudogalls of a homopteron, 

 Livia juncorum^ Latr. — The buds at the tip of a stem or of a 

 short branch are attacked, and each galled bud may reach a 

 length of rather over an inch and a breadth of % to ^ inch. 

 Usually, however, several galled buds arise close together, and 

 the whole mass may reach an inch or more in diameter. The 

 leaves of the buds affected remain shortened, and their bases 

 become widened out and overlap one another so as to enclose 

 spaces in which live the insects. The growth of the bud seems 

 to cease early. The galls are not uncommon near Aberdeen in 

 suitable spots, and I have also seen them elsewhere. 



THE MODES OF DISPEKSION OF THE SEEDS OF 

 SCOTTISH WILD PLANTS. 1 



By Professor J. W. H. Trail, A.M., M.D., F.L.S. 



THE subject that I have selected to put before you at this 

 meeting is one of considerable interest and importance 

 from several points of view. This interest is rendered still greater 

 to evolutionists, alike by the effort to explain the origin of the 

 various adaptations for dispersion of seeds met with among 

 plants, and by their bearing on the value of characters to the 

 systematist in his endeavours to approach a natural system of 

 classification. Observation and experiment have shown that 

 the vegetative organs of plants (stems, leaves, &c), vary greatly 



1 Communicated to the Perthshire Society of Natural Science, February 2, 

 1882. 



VOL. VI. R 



