SPONGES. 59 



Special Bibliography of the Ceylon Sponge-Fauna.* 



1798-1806. Esper. " Fortsetzung tier Pflanzenthiere," Part 2. 

 1870. Ehlers. " Die Esper'schen Spongien." (Tn this memoir the author 

 re-descrihes two Ceylon species.) 



1872. Haeckel. "Die Kalkschwumme." (This work includes descriptions oi 



half a dozen species of Calcareous Sponges collected by Wright in Ceylon 

 waters.) 



1873. Bowerbank. "Report on a Collection of Sponges found at Ceylon by 



E. W. H. Holdsworth, Esq.," ' Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,' 1873, p. 25. 

 (This paper contains descriptions of only four species. It was criticized 

 by Gray in ' Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist,,' Ser. 4, vol. XII., p. 266.) 

 1873. Holdsworth. "Note on the Occurrence of Xenospongia patelliformis, 

 Gray, on the Coast of Ceylon," 'Proc. Zool. Soc. Loud.,' 1873, p. 32. 



1880. Carter. "Report on Specimens dredged up from the Gulf of Manaar and 



presented to the Liverpool Free Museum by Captain W. H. Cawne 

 Warren," 'Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist,,' Ser. 5, vol. V., p. 437; vol. VI, 

 p. 35 and p. 129. (In this paper the author describes fifty-four species, 

 the great majority new, from material which he tells us would hardly 

 fill a quart measure, the largest of the specimens being not more than 

 three inches in its longest diameter.) 



1881. Carter. " Supplementary Report on Specimens dredged up from the Gull 



of Manaar, &c," ' Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,' Ser. 5, vol. VII, p. 3G1. 

 (A considerable number of species are added to the previous list.) 

 1884. Ridley. "Zoological Collections of H.M.S. 'Alert, " British Museum. 

 (The author refers incidentally to the Sponge- Fauna of Ceylon.) 



1887. Dendy. "The Sponge-Fauna of Madras. A Report on a Collection of 



Sponges obtained in the neighbourhood of Madras by Edgar Thurston, 

 Esq.," 'Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,' Ser. 5, vol. XX., p. 153. 



1888. Sollas. " Report on the Tetractinellida collected by H.M.S. ' Challenger.' ' 



(In this work the author deals critically with the Tetractinellida described 

 by Carter from the Gulf of Manaar.) 



1889. Dendy. "Report on a Second Collection of Sponges from the Gulf of 



Manaar." 'Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist,,' Ser. 6, vol. III., p. 73. (The list 

 i >f the Ceylon Sponge-Fauna is herein considerably extended, and the 

 report contains records made by Mr. Thurston of the colours of many of 

 the species when alive.) 

 1889. Lendenfeld. " Monograph of the Horny Sponges," 'Royal Society.' 



* This list includes only works which deal directly with Ceylon species, and was inserted here on 

 account of its historical interest. In the course of the Report I shall have occasion to refer to many other 

 memoirs, and, in order to conform with the system adopted in the other Reports of this series and to save 

 space, I have decided to give a full list of the literature cited at the end of the work and to refer to it by 

 means of numbers. 



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