1894.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 101 



with the rediscovery of one human layer at least, which we had a 

 right to call either the single layer or the uppermost of a series of 

 layers originally found in the cave. To its date or to a later time 

 evidently belonged the bones which Professor Cope, who has assisted 

 me in this work, has kindly identified of the turkey, chipmunk, cat 

 squirrel, marmot, smaller vole, larger vole, short tailed shrew, 

 raccoon, skunk, gathered by Mr. Paret and myself in the aforesaid 

 side fringes of debris just inside the entrance. 



But as to the original bones found in 1880, careful side cutting into 

 the cave floor in the first place might have shown which of the dis- 

 covered fragments were i-eally part of the cave feast too well bedded 

 between the fire sites to have been scratched out of older under layers 

 and into newer and later layers and which were not, but these clues 

 have been lost. 



In some caves every bone found has seemed fairly and clearly 

 part of the INIidden heap. But it was against all the evidence pro- 

 duced at Hartman's that the place had been a lurking hole for 

 small animals. Some had come into the crevices to die, leaving 

 their skulls. Others, whose bones rodents had gnawed, had been 

 brought in by carnivora in the first place or carried by pilfering ro- 

 dents from the human feast. 



There is, therefore, only a probability that ]\Ian killed and ate the 

 bison, castoroides and peccary in Hartman's Cave, since, minus the 

 lost layers, we may say that there is no proof that these animals did 

 not come there to die, or that they were not carried in whole or 

 piecemeal by large carnivora when their bones, though lying on the 

 cave floor long before Man's advent, would have come in close contact 

 with his subsequently built hearths. 



The jiature of the human remains. No proof that they ivere not of 

 Indian make. — As to the second question : Were the remains 

 Indian remains ? The Trenton gravel Man if we grant his existence 

 must be ruled out of Hartman's Cave, for there was not one of his 

 described rude, leaf-shaped, turtle backs found among the chipped 

 blades and arrowheads that in themselves denied his existence there. 

 Whether the human remains found by Mr. Paret came from the same 

 layer in which I found mine or from other layers now untraceable, there 

 is no need of searching for a new and as yet uudescribed cave occupant 

 to account for the bone awls common at the Trenton Delaware 

 Valley site found by me in the Indian layers at the Forge Cave in 



