210 



HEREDITY AND DEVELOPMENT OF NAVAL OFFICERS. 



FAMILY HISTORY OF JOSIAH TATTNALL. 



II (F F F), Tattnall, went from Eng- 

 land to South Carolina in 1700. I 2 (F F M), 



Barnewall, granddaughter of an Irish peer. I 3 

 (F M F), Colonel John Mulryne, purchased the 

 Bona ventura estate a few miles below Savannah and 

 settled it in 1762. 



Fraternity of F F: II 2, Thomas Boone, royal 

 governor of the province of South Carolina. II 3 

 (F F), Josiah Tattnall, a loyalist; returned to Eng- 

 land, 1776; his estates were confiscated. II 4 

 (F M), Miss Mulryne. II 5 (M F), Edward 

 Fenwick, of South Carolina, came of a family of 

 great influence and antiquity. 



III 1, Colonel Boone, of the Guards. Fraternity of F: III 2, John Tattnall, returned 

 to England. Ill 3 (F), Josiah Tattnall, went to England with his parents but declined a com- 

 mission in the Royal Army and, against his father's wishes, returned to America, where he served 

 under General Greene until the end of the war. Later he was colonel of the First Georgia regi- 

 ment and then brigadier general of the First Brigade of State forces; elected a number of the 

 legislature and of the United States senate, and made governor of Georgia. He died in the West 



Indies in 1804 in his thirty-seventh year. Ill 4 (M), Fenwick, died ca. 1803. Fraternity 



of M: III 6, Ebenezer Jackson, served with distinction in the Revolutionary army. Ill 8, 

 Christopher Gadsden. 



Fraternity of Propositus: IV 1, Edward Fenwick Tattnall, educated in England. IV 2, 



Tattnall, educated in England. IV 3 (Propositus), JOSIAH TATTNALL. IV 4 (consort), 



Jackson. IV 5, Christopher Gadsden, commanded the United States brig Vixen. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

 JONES, C. 1878. Life and Services of Commodore Josiah Tattnall. Savannah: x + 259 pp. 



65. MARTEN HARPERTS TROMP. 



MARTEN HARPERTS TROMP was born at Brielle, South Holland, in 1597. 

 He went to sea in his father's boat at 9 years of age. In a fight off Gibraltar he 

 was told by his father to stay in the cabin but, in the thick of battle, he came on 

 deck just in time to see his father die. He turned to the sailors and urged them 

 to avenge his father's death. Left now an orphan, he began at the bottom as 

 cabin-boy, and became captain of a Dutch naval frigate at the age of 27. In 1639 

 he surprised, off the Flemish coast, a large Spanish fleet which he completely 

 destroyed. The circumstances were these: The Spanish fleet comprised 67 men- 

 of-war, 2,000 guns, and 24,000 men. The Dutch had only 31 ships. The first 

 attack was made in the moonlight and was so severe that the Spanish fleet sought 

 refuge off the Downs, England, where the English admiral warned the Dutch not to 

 attack. Tromp blockaded the fleet until he had added to his own vessels. Finally 

 he sailed into the Spanish fleet, of which 22 ships deliberately ran ashore; the 

 giant of the fleet was set in flames by a fire-ship and exploded; 11 surrendered 

 without a shot. Of the 67 men-of-war only 18 reached Dunkerque and they 

 were in a pitiable condition; the rest were destroyed or taken. A large part of 

 the 24,000 men were lost in the battle and its after effects. In this battle 

 Tromp showed great audacity in opposing the orders of the British admiral. He 

 defeated the British in November 1652 and again, in February 1653, prevented 

 a great British fleet from destroying his convoy. He is one of the few naval com- 

 manders who defeated a British fleet. 



His son Cornelius van Tromp (1629-1691) at the age of 19 commanded a 

 small squadron against the Barbary pirates. In 1653 he was made rear admiral 



