HIPPEASTRUM. 



401 



sized and larger grains varied from 8 to 12 in number, 

 usually 10. The number of lamellae on the grains of this 

 starch and of //. titan is usually the same. 



The size of the grains varies from the smaller, which 

 are 5 by 5/t, to the larger elongated forms, which are 42 

 by 2Gft or rarely 48 by 30/x, and the larger broader forms, 

 which are 46 by 44/t, rarely 50 by 44/u, in length and 

 breadth. The common sizes are 30 by 22/t, 30 by 30/t, 

 and 28 by 24/t in length and breadth. On the whole, 

 they are larger than in H. titan. 



POLARISCOPIC PROPERTIES. 



The figure is centric to very eccentric, the mean is 

 eccentric, slightly less than in //. titan, and it is usually 

 as distinct and clean cut as in H . titan. The lines vary 

 from fine to moderately coarse, and they are arranged as 

 in H. titan, although they intersect at right angles a little 

 more frequently than in that species. The lines are more 

 frequently straight with broadening at the margin than 

 in //. titan, yet they are sometimes either bent or bisected, 

 a little less frequently than in H. titan. Double and 

 multiple figures are somewhat more numerous than in 

 II. titan. 



The degree of polarization is high to very high (value 

 80). The range of polarization is from moderately high 

 to high, as in //. titan, but there is a greater number of 

 the moderately high, hence the mean is slightly lower 

 than in that species. There is the same variation in 

 polarization in the same aspect of a given grain as in 

 }/. titan. 



With selenite the quadrants are generally well de- 

 fined, usually unequal in size, and while regular in the 

 majority of grains, irregularity is not uncommon. The 

 equality of size is a little more frequent and the irregu- 

 larity in shape a little less frequent than in H. titan. 

 The colors are generally pure, but not so often pure 

 as in //. titan. 



IODINE REACTIONS. 



With 0.25 Lugol's solution the grains immediately 

 color a moderate to moderately deep blue-violet (value 

 55), a little deeper and a little more bluish in tint than 

 in H. titan; the color deepens quickly from deep to very 

 deep, becoming more blue in tint. With 0.125 Lugol's 

 solution the grains color a moderately light blue-violet, 

 a little lighter and more bluish in tint than in //. titan; 

 and they quickly deepen from moderate to deep, a little 

 deeper than in H. titan. After heating in water until 

 all the grains are gelatinized and then treating with a 2 

 per cent Lugol's solution, the gelatinized grains color 

 a light to deep blue, the mean being moderate to moder- 

 ately deep, decidedly deeper than in //. titan; the color 

 is usually a pure blue, but more with reddish tint appear 

 than in //. titan; the starch solution becomes a deep 

 indigo-blue, the same as in H. titan. If the preparation 

 is boiled for 2 minutes and then treated with an excess 

 of a 2 per cent Lugol's solution the grain-residues color 

 from light to deep blue usually tinged with red, the 

 majority of the grains are moderately colored but more 

 of the deep are found than in //. titan, hence the mean 

 is little deeper than in H. titan. The capsules color a 

 moderately deep old-rose, deeper and more reddish in 

 tint than in H. titan; the solution becomes a very deep 

 indigo-blue as in H. titan. 



ANILINE REACTIONS. 



With gentian violet the grains stain very lightly at 

 once a little deeper than in H. titan, and in half an hour 

 they become moderate in depth (value 50), deeper than 

 in //. titan. 



With saf ranin the grains color very lightly at once 

 (a little deeper than in II. titan), and in half an hour 

 they become moderate with a few moderately deep (value 

 55), a little deeper than in H. titan. 



TEMPERATURE REACTIONS. 



The majority of the grains are gelatinized at 71 

 to 73 C., and all but very rare grains at 73 to 74 C., 

 mean 73.5 C. The mean temperature is lower (3.75) 

 than in H. titan. 



EFFECTS OF VARIOUS REAGENTS. 



The reaction with chloral hydrate begins in a few 

 grains in 1 minute. Complete gelatinization occurs in 

 about 5 per cent of the entire number of grains and 8 

 per cent of the total starch in 5 minutes; in about 25 

 per cent of the grains and 30 per cent of the total starch 

 in 15 minutes ; in about 39 per cent of the grains and 44 

 per cent of the total starch in 30 minutes; in about 44 

 per cent of the grains and 50 per cent of the total starch 

 in 45 minutes; in about 47 per cent of the grains and 

 55 per cent of the total starch in 60 minutes. (Chart 

 D22.) One or more bubbles more frequently form at 

 the hilum and are very persistent and expand less than in 

 //. titan. A fissure at the hilum may become enlarged 

 and more refractive but much less frequently than in 

 //. titan. The lamellae do not become more sharply 

 defined and the entire grain becomes refractive, often 

 with a border of greater refractivity around the main 

 body of the grain as in // . til an. The methods of gela- 

 tinization are similar to those observed in //. titan, but 

 the pitted appearance of the grain preceding gelatiniza- 

 tion is more common, and the starting point at the distal 

 margin with advancement toward the proximal end is less 

 frequent. The fissures formed during the process are 

 not quite so deep, nor the refractive granules so resistant 

 as in //. titan. The capsule is much distorted and 

 considerably distended during the process, even more so 

 than in H. titan. The gelatinized grains are swollen 

 and much distorted, more of the latter than in H. titan. 

 They bear even less resemblance to the form of the 

 untreated grain than in H. titan. 



The reaction with chromic acid begins in a few grains 

 in 1 minute. Complete gelatinization occurs in less 

 than 0.5 per cent of the entire number of grains and 3 

 per cent of the total starch in 5 minutes ; in about 22 per 

 cent of the grains and 80 per cent of the total starch 

 in 15 minutes; in about 67 per cent of the grains and 

 96 per cent of the total starch in 20 minutes ; in about 

 99 per cent of the grains and in more than 99 per cent 

 of the total starch in 25 minutes. (Chart D 23.) 



The reaction with pyrogaUic acid begins in 1 minute. 

 Complete gelatinization occurs in about 6 per cent of the 

 entire number of grains and 7 per cent of the total starch 

 in 5 minutes; in about 45 per cent of the grains and 

 70 per cent of the total starch in 15 minutes; in about 

 75 per cent of the grains and 90 per cent of the total 

 starch in 30 minutes ; in about 83 per cent of the grains 

 and 95 per cent of the total starch in 45 minutes ; in about 



