CRINUM. 



457 



in 30 minutes; in about 1.5 per cent of the grains and 

 5 per cent of the total starch in 45 minutes ; and in about 

 2 per cent of the grains and 7 per cent of the total starch 

 in 60 minutes. The larger grains are more affected than 

 the smaller. (Chart D 134.) 



The fissures become enlarged and more refractive (ap- 

 pearing to inclose gas) much more frequently than in 

 C. moorei. The refractivity of the fissures is generally 

 lost, usually without the detection of expelled bubbles. 

 The lamellae become a little more distinct, but they are 

 not nearly so sharply defined as in C. moorei. Fissures 

 of a similar character are formed in grains of this species 

 and of C. moorei but the single plume-like fissure is more 

 constant and more frequently diagonal, or having one set 

 of lateral branches longer than the other, than in C. 

 moorei. In other grains this median fissure becomes 

 densely branched, and the refractive border at the proxi- 

 mal end and sides becomes penetrated by a dense mass of 

 fissures. 



The grains may be resolved into granules, scattered 

 ones along the course of the deep fissures being more bril- 

 liant, and occasionally a ruffled distal border may less 

 frequently appear than in C. moorei. The more fre- 

 quent method of gelatinization, however, is manifested 

 in a primary breaking down of the mesial portion by 

 means of densely massed fissures (often without the 

 appearance of granules), and the distal lamellae become 

 irregular in outline, breaking into irregularly placed 

 granules. The refractive border at the proximal end and 

 sides is broader than in C. moorei; often either striated 

 or penetrated by a mass of fissures, but much less fre- 

 quently differentiated into lamella? or broken into linear 

 granules than in C. moorei. The gelatinized grains are 

 swollen and more frequently very little distorted, even 

 less affected than in C. moorei. A very small percentage 

 of the grains is much affected, and only in rare grains is 

 gelatinization complete. Either large refractive frag- 

 ments, or a fairly broad refractive band, is generally 

 found at the proximal end and sides nearby. This band 

 is broader than in C. moorei, and fragmentation is not 

 observed in C. moorei. 



The reaction with potassium sulphocyanate begins 

 in a very few grains in 1 minute, and less than 1 per 

 cent of the total starch is gelatinized at the end of 5 

 minutes. Complete gelatinization occurs in about 1.25 

 per cent of the entire number of grains and 3 per cent 

 of the total starch in 15 minutes ; in about 2.5 p"er cent 

 of the grains and 5.5 per cent of the total starch in 30 

 minutes ; in about 5 per cent of the grains and 9 per cent 

 of the total starch in 45 minutes ; and in about 6 per cent 

 of the grains and 11 per cent of the total starch in 60 

 minutes. (Chart D 135.) 



The fissures enlarge and become very dark and refrac- 

 tive, but the refractivity is gradually lost, during which 

 minute bubbles are occasionally given off. These fis- 

 sures are profusely branched, more markedly towards the 

 distal margin. The lamellae toward the distal margin 

 are often grouped in a refractive band and become more 

 sharply defined and striated, and sometimes internal 

 fissures extend from the distal margin inward through 

 a narrow band of these lamellae, followed by their rapid 

 gelatinization, forming a narrow, delicate ruffle on an 

 otherwise ungelatinized grain. Gelatinization proceeds 

 6 



along the courses of the deeply branched fissures, with the 

 exception sometimes of the area noted ; and the mesial 

 portion is broken into irregularly arranged groups of 

 refractive granules which are more resistant toward 

 both distal and proximal ends, an area between often 

 appearing without granules. The starch is more re- 

 sistant in a narrow band at the proximal end and sides 

 nearby, the lamellae of which may become sharply defined 

 and striated, but not usually gelatinized. Only rare 

 grains are completely gelatinized. These are swollen 

 and most distorted at the distal margin, but they bear a 

 general resemblance to the untreated grain. A number 

 of grains are completely gelatinized excepting scattered 

 very refractive granules around the margin, and also 

 a small irregular group at the proximal end. Such 

 grains are usually bounded at the proximal end and sides 

 nearby by a narrow refractive band which in some may be 

 resolved into linear refractive granules. Compared with 

 the reaction in C. moorei it will be noted that the refrac- 

 tivity of the enlarged fissures gradually disappears in 

 many grains either without the appearance of a bubble 

 or the gradual giving off of minute bubbles, which is 

 quite a different method of losing refractivity from that 

 observed in C. moorei. The lamellae become less sharply 

 defined and striated, especially through the mesial por- 

 tion, than in C. moorei. The marginal distal border 

 is more refractive, and the lamellae forming it less 

 quickly sharply defined and striated during gelatiniza- 

 tion than in C. moorei. The grain is disorganized 

 into many more refractive granules, the reaction, as a 

 rule, does not proceed so far, the marginal border is more 

 frequently gelatinized while the remainder of the grain 

 is little affected, and the gelatinized and semi-gelatinized 

 grains are less distorted and more closely resemble the 

 untreated grain, than in C. moorei. 



The reaction with potassium sulphide begins in rare 

 grains in 1 minute, and even at the end of 5 minutes less 

 than 1 per cent of the total starch is affected, without 

 detectable progress in 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes. ( Chart 

 D136.) 



The fissures at and proceeding from the hilum be- 

 come much enlarged and more refractive and then less 

 refractive, and, as the refractivity is lost, small to large 

 bubbles are sometimes observed to collect in the fissxires. 

 The bubble at the hilum is much more frequently in- 

 closed within a fissure and may enlarge to greater size 

 than in C. moorei. A few lamellae become sharply de- 

 fined, often either as a small group about midway between 

 the hilum and the distal margin, or one may become very 

 prominent as a boundary between the main body of the 

 grain and a narrow refractive border, the lamellae of 

 which may gradually become sharply defined and striated. 

 Usually a deep much-branched, plume-like fissure pro- 

 ceeds distalward from the hilum and reaches the margin 

 or the prominent lamella referred to ; in the latter case a 

 separate set of fissures may form. The longitudinal 

 fissure is deeper and more branched than in C. moorei, 

 while the formation of the separate set is the same as in 

 this species. The grain is disorganized with the appear- 

 ance of granules as noted in ( '. umurc!. but they are 

 more numerous and refractive in the mesial region, and 

 scattered very refractive granules frequently remain 

 along the course of the deep fissures after the remainder 



