CRINUM. 



465 



grains, usually consisting of 2 components, arc occasion- 

 ally observed. Much smaller proportions of both aggre- 

 gates and compound grains are found than in C. zey- 

 lanicum. No well-defined pressure facets were observed. 

 The surface of the grain is often irregular, and the irregu- 

 larities are more prominent and found in a larger num- 

 ber of grains than in C. zeylanicum. The irregularities 

 are due chiefly to the same causes as in C. zeylanicum, 

 such as the presence of one or more rounded protuber- 

 ances (often long and larger than in C. zeylanicum) 

 located at or near the proximal end ; to the shifting of the 

 longitudinal axis of the primary lamellae ; to a secondary 

 set of lamella ; to depressions on the curved outline which 

 are occasionally concave and resemble a pressure facet; 

 and to a sinuous outline at the distal margin. There is 

 in addition a lateral curvature at the proximal end in a 

 few ovoid grains of medium size. The conspicuous forms 

 are plano-convex, reniforni, low and broad triangular 

 with a curved base and rounded angles, broadly lenticular, 

 pyriform, plano-convex with a rounded prominence at the 

 middle of the plane, and ovoid. In addition there are 

 narrow triangular with an elongated proximal end (simu- 

 lating the shape of a bell), ellipsoidal, clam-shell-shaped, 

 ovoid with a squared distal end, and nearly round. The 

 same forms of compound grains are observed as was noted 

 in C. zeylanicum, excepting the mussel-shell-shaped 

 grains, the ovoid grains that are made up of components 

 of unequal size, and the form of grain having linearly 

 arranged components, which are absent. The first two 

 occur fairly often, but the last rarely, in C. zeylanicum. 

 The majority of the grains are more broadened and flat- 

 tened than in C. zeylanicum, and when viewed on edge 

 are generally of a very narrow ellipsoidal form (generally 

 more narrow than in C. zeylanicum), or rod-shaped with 

 curved ends. 



The hilum is usually fissured, but not quite so fre- 

 quently as in C. zeylanicum. It may be observed as a 

 round, oval, or lenticular spot which is slightly less 

 refractive than in C. zeylanicum. Multiple hila, which 

 are rarely present in C. zeylanicum, were not observed in 

 this species, owing perhaps to their being obscured by 

 fissuration. Either a small rounded cavity or a short 

 transverse or diagonal cleft may be located at the hilum, 

 these being similar in character (but the clefts not so 

 numerous) to those in C. zeylanicum. The most com- 

 mon types are one short, clean-cut, longitudinal fissure 

 through the hilum, and the Y, T, and stellate fissures. 

 Rarely there are 1 or 2 large, branched fissures passing 

 from the hilum, as in C. zeylanicum. The fissures, as a 

 rule, are not so deep as in C. zeylanicum. The range 

 of eccentricity is from 0.45 to 0.20, usually about 0.35 to 

 0.25, of the longitudinal axis, being somewhat greater 

 than in C. zeylanicum. 



The lamellce are not usually demonstrable throughout 

 the entire grain. The majority are fairly fine to fine. 

 Occasionally they can be observed directly around the 

 hilum in the form of circular or oval rings, but else- 

 where they tend to follow the outline of the grain, as 

 noted in C. zeylanicum. The lamella? directly around the 

 hilum are frequently obscured by fissures, but, as a rule, 

 they are much more distinct over an area of one-third to 

 two-thirds distalward from the hilum than in C. zey- 

 lanicum; and often they are more discernible in this 

 region than in a lustrous band at the distal margin, which 



is the reverse of that noted in C. zeylanicum. One 

 coarse, very refractive lamella at varying distances from 

 the hilum is generally present, and is about as prominent 

 as in C. zeylanicum. Sometimes 2 or 3 coarse refractive 

 lamella? are found, between which the fine lamellae are 

 grouped, but not so often as in C. zeylanicum. A lus- 

 trous band in which the lamella? are generally not dis- 

 cernible, but which when distinct are not so fine as those 

 in body of grain, is much more frequently present than in 

 C. zeylanicum. This band is sometimes broader and 

 very often forms a border around the entire grain instead 

 of being restricted to the distal margin as in C. zeylani- 

 cum. A secondary set of lamella? placed at varying angles 

 to the primary set is even more rare than in C. zeylani- 

 cum. The lamella? forming the border around the grain 

 are of a different character from those of the main body 

 and may represent a secondary set. The number counted 

 on the larger grains varied from 30 to 44, being less than 

 in C. zeylanicum. 



The size of the grains varies from the smaller which 

 are 5 by 4^, to the larger which are 56 by 64/x, in length 

 and breadth. The common size is about 30 by 42/*. In 

 comparison with the grains of C. zeylanicum, the larger 

 grains are larger and those of common size are about the 

 same, but the ratio of length to breadth is reversed, 

 these grains being broader than long while those of C. 

 zeylanicum are longer than broad. 



POLAKISCOPIC PROPERTIES. 



The figure is usually slightly eccentric to quite eccen- 

 tric. The figure is more varied, the average degree of 

 eccentricity is less, and it is not so clean-cut as in C. zey- 

 lanicum, the average being coarser than in C. zeylanicum. 

 The lines usually intersect obliquely, and are straight in 

 the majority of the grains; but they are more frequently 

 bent and bisected than in C. zeylanicum. The figure 

 is sometimes in the form of a mesial line with bisected 

 ends, which was not observed in C. zeylanicum. Double 

 figures are present, but they are not so numerous as in 

 C. zeylanicum. 



The degree of polarization is high to very high (value 

 83). The polarization varies in different grains from 

 moderately high to extremely high, the range being 

 greater and the proportion extremely high, being con- 

 siderably less than in C. zeylanicum. A variation in the 

 same aspect of a grain often occurs, and it is much 

 greater and more frequently observed than in C. 

 zeylanicum. 



With selenite the quadrants are fairly well defined, 

 usually unequal in size, and often irregular in shape. 

 They are not so well defined and are more irregular than 

 in C. zeylanicum. The colors are pure in the majority 

 of the grains, but they are not pure in nearly so many 

 grains as in C. zeylanicum. The impurity is usually 

 indicated by a purplish-blue and an orange-yellow, there 

 being also a very small number of grains in which both 

 colors have a greenish tinge, as referred to under C. 

 zeylanicum. 



IODINE REACTIONS. 



With a 0.25 per cent Lugol's solution the grains color 

 immediately a light to moderate blue-violet (value 40), 

 some deeper and more bluish than others. The color 

 deepens rapidly and becomes more bluish. The reaction 

 is somewhat deeper and more bluish and there is greater 



