470 



DATA OF PROPERTIES OF STARCHES OF PARENT- AND HYBRID-STOCKS. 



previous to the completion of the reaction in the mesial 

 portion. This reaction proceeds much further than in 

 C. zeylanicum. 



The reaction with cupric chloride begins immediately. 

 Complete gelatinization occurs in 24 per cent of the 

 entire number of grains and 48 per cent of the total 

 starch in 5 minutes; in about 36 per cent of the grains 

 and 56 per cent of the total starch in 15 minutes; in 

 about 44 per cent of the grains and 60 per cent of the 

 total starch in 30 minutes; in about 46 per cent of the 

 grains and 62 per cent of the total starch in 45 minutes ; 

 and in about the same percentage of each in 60 minutes. 

 ( Chart D 166.) 



Gelatinization proceeds through the mesial region 

 along sharply defined fissures, but the distal margin is 

 gelatinized prior to the proximal end and sides nearby 

 as in C. zeylanicum. At the distal margin the process 

 is frequently accompanied by distentiou and frilling more 

 frequently than in C. zeylanicum. The method of 

 gelatinization is similar to but advances in many more 

 grains than in C. zeylanicum. 



The reaction with barium chloride begins in rare 

 grains immediately. Complete gelatinizatiou occurs in 

 about 1 per cent of the entire number of grains and 3 

 per cent of the total starch in 5 minutes ; in about 2 per 

 cent of the grains and 8 per cent of the total starch in 

 15 minutes ; in about 5 per cent of the grains and 16 per 

 cent of the total starch in 30 minutes ; and over 7 per cent 

 of the grains and 19 per cent of the total starch in 43 

 minutes; and in about 20 per cent of the total starch 

 in 60 minutes. (Chart D 167.) 



The reaction with mercuric chloride begins in a few 

 grains immediately. Complete gelatinization occurs in 

 about 28 per cent of the entire numberof grains and 57 per 

 cent of the total starch in 5 minutes ; in about 37 per cent 

 of the grains and 63 per cent of the total starch in 15 

 minutes; in about 43 per cent of the grains and 70 

 per cent of the total starch in 30 minutes; in about 54 

 per cent of the grains and 77 per cent of the total starch 

 in 45 minutes; and in about the same percentage of each 

 in 60 minutes. (Chart D168.) The fissures present 

 in the untreated grain become much enlarged and more 

 refractive, but both changes disappear quickly in the 

 grains which are gelatinized rapidly, much more quickly 

 than in C. zeylanicum. The proximal end and sides 

 nearby of some grains as well as a number of entire 

 grains are resistant, but not nearly so great a percentage 

 are resistant as in C. zeylanicum. 



CKINUM KIRCAPE (HYBRID). 



(Plate 5, fig. 27; Charts D 148 to D 168.) 



HISTOLOGIC PROPERTIES. 



In form the majority of the grains are simple and 

 are isolated with the exception of a few which appear in 

 aggregates of from 2 to 4, usually 2, components. Com- 

 pound grains, consisting usually of 2 components, are 

 observed. There are smaller proportions of both aggre- 

 gates and compound grains present than in C. zeylani- 

 cum, but there are considerably larger proportions than 

 in C. longifolium. No well-defined pressure facets were 

 observed. The surface of the grains is fairly often irreg- 

 ular in outline, the irregularities being more obvious and 

 present in a larger number of grains than in C. zeylani- 

 cum, but somewhat less than in C. longifolium. The 



irregularities are due to the same causes as in the parents. 

 The protuberances at the proximal end are more fre- 

 quently seen and sometimes larger than in C. zeylanicum, 

 but about the same as in C. longifolium. A lateral curva- 

 ture at the proximal end in a few medium-sized ovoid 

 grains may be observed, which was not recorded in C. 

 zeylanicum, but noted in C. longifolium. The con- 

 spicuous forms are ovoid, pyriform, triangular with a 

 curved base and rounded angles, clam-shell-shaped, ovoid 

 with squared distal end, and ellipsoidal. Additional 

 forms are elongated mussel-shell-shaped, low and broad 

 triangular, imperfect plano-convex which have the plane 

 surface more' sharply curved than in those of C. longi- 

 folium, broadly lenticular, narrow triangular with elon- 

 gated proximal end simulating the shape of a bell, dome- 

 shaped, and nearly round. The same forms of compound 

 grains are observed as noted in the parents, with the 

 exception of grains with linearly arranged components 

 which are rarely found in C. zeylanicum, and not ob- 

 served in C. longifolium. The most conspicuous forms 

 are grains with two components of about equal and 

 medium size that are separated by a deep cleft and in- 

 closed by a few common lamellae, and found in both 

 parents; and mussel-shell-shaped and ovoid grains with 

 one large and one fairly small component separated by 

 a crescentric cleft, which are less numerous than in C. 

 zeylanicum, and not observed in C. longifolium. Most 

 of the simple grains closely resemble in shape those of 

 C. zeylanicum, but scattered among them are several of 

 the laterally extended forms which are similar to but 

 more flattened, the majority less flattened than those of 

 C. longifolium and about the same as in C. zeylanicum. 

 The majority of grains when viewed on edge are ellip- 

 soidal, and ovoid with pointed end located distally as in 

 C. zeylanicum, but a few are of a very narrow ellipsoidal 

 form, as generally found in C. longifolium. As a whole, 

 the forms of the grains are closer to those of C. zeylani- 

 cum., but in certain respects to those of the other 

 parent. 



The hi-Jum is generally fissured, more frequently than 

 in either parent. The hilum is of the same form as in 

 the parents, but it is slightly more refractive than in 

 C. zeylanicum, and considerably more so than in C. 

 longifolium. Multiple hila were not observed, but may 

 be obscured by fissuration. The form of the cavity and 

 the clefts located at and proceeding from the hilum are 

 similar to those of the parents. In the majority of the 

 grains the clefts closely resemble but are slightly deeper 

 than those of C. zeylanicum; and in the scattered broad- 

 ened grains additional types of fissures are found which 

 are noted in C. longifolium. The range of eccentricity 

 is 0.45 to 0.15, commonly 0.35 to 0.20, of the longitudinal 

 axis. The peculiarities of the hilum generally are closer 

 to those of C. zeylanicum, -but in eccentricity closer to 

 C. longifolium. 



The lamella! are rarely demonstrable throughout the 

 entire grain, less often than in the parents, since the 

 region of the hilum in practically all of the larger grains 

 is traversed by deep fissures. When discernible they have 

 the same forms as those described in the parents, the ma- 

 jority being very fine to fairly fine, and coarser when 

 located toward the distal margin. There are usually 1, 

 sometimes 2 or 3, very refractive coarse lamella? between 

 which the finer ones are grouped. Rarely there is a band 



