476 



DATA OF PROPERTIES OF STARCHES OF PARENT- AND HYBRID-STOCKS. 



is gelatinized in 5 minutes. Slight progress occurs in 

 15 minutes. Complete gelatinization occurs in about 

 1 per cent of the entire number of grains and 3 per cent 

 of the total starch in 30 minutes; in about 2 per cent 

 of the grains and 6 per cent of the total starch in 45 

 minutes; and in about 4 per cent of the grains and 8 

 per cent of the total starch in 60 minutes. (Chart 

 D 166.) Gelatinization proceeds through the mesial por- 

 tion along the course of very deep fissures, and the distal 

 margin is gelatinized more quickly than the proximal end 

 and sides nearby as in both parents. In some grains 

 the process at the distal margin is accompanied by con- 

 siderable extension and very little fluting of the capsule. 

 In such grains the extension is greater but the fluting 

 less than in the parents; a little closer to 0. zeylaiiicuni 

 than G. longifolium. 



The reaction with tuiri/ini <-lilur\<li> begins in very rare 

 grains in 5 minutes. Complete gelatinization was not 

 observed in any grains, and the process began in very rare 

 grains, much less than 0.5 per cent of the entire number 

 of grains, and about 0.5 per cent of the total starch is 

 gelatinized in 5 minutes. Very little if any progress 

 is noted in 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes respectively. At 

 the latter time much less than 0.5 per cent of the entire 

 number of grains and total starch is gelatinized. (Chart 

 D 167.) The enlargement and refractivity disappear 

 more slowly than in either parent, and is followed by an 

 extension and greater branching of the longitudinal 

 fissures without gelatinization, except in rare grains, 

 as noted in C. zeylanicum, but not in C. longifolium. 



The reaction with mercuric cliloride begins in rare 

 grains in 3 minutes. Complete gelatinization was not 

 observed in any grains, and was begun in but very few 

 in 5 minutes. About 1 per cent of the total starch is 

 gelatinized in 15 minutes, little if any progress occurs in 

 30 minutes. About 2 per cent of the total starch is 

 gelatinized in 45 minutes; and about 1 per cent of 

 the entire number of grains and 4 per cent of the total 

 starch are gelatinized in 60 minutes. (Chart D 168.) 

 The fissures, which are very large in the untreated grain, 

 react in the same manner as noted in the parents, but 

 in many grains retaining the increased size and refractiv- 

 ity even longer than in C. zeylanicum. The reaction is 

 close to C. zeylanicum. 



9. STAECHES OF CEINUM LONGIFOLIUM, C. MOOKEI, 



AND C. POWELLII. 



Starches of C. longifolium and C. moorci are de- 

 scribed on pages 464 to 470, and 450 to 454, respectively. 



CRINUM POWELLII (HYBRID). 



(Plate 5, fig. 30; Charts D 169 to D 189.) 



HISTOLOGIC PROPERTIES. 



In form the majority of the grains are simple and iso- 

 lated with the exception of a few which appear in aggre- 

 gates of from 2 to 10, usually 2, components. Com- 

 pound grains, consisting usually of 2 components, are 

 occasionally observed. A larger number of both aggre- 

 gates and compound grains are found than in C. longi- 

 folium, but not quite so many as in C. moorei. No well- 

 defined pressure facets are present. The surface of the 

 grain is often irregular, and the irregularities are more 

 prominent and numerous than in C. longifolium, but not 

 quite so many grains are irregular as in C. moorei. 



The irregularities are due to the same causes as found 

 in the parents, such as the presence at or near the 

 proximal end of one or more protuberances, which when 

 at the latter location are occasionally quite large and 

 sometimes blunt; to the shifting of the longitudinal axis 

 of the primary lamella? to a secondary set of lamellae ; to 

 slight depressions on the curved margin, occasionally 

 becoming deeper, or shallow concave, at the distal end ; 

 to a sinuous outline at the distal margin ; to a lateral 

 curvature at the proximal end; and, rarely, to an abrupt 

 deflection of elongated slender grains at or just distal 

 to the slightly eccentric hihim. The last peculiarity 

 was not observed in C. longifolium, but was present in 

 C. moorei. The conspicuous forms are pyril'orm, elon- 

 gated ovoid, sometimes squared at distal end; broad and 

 narrow triangular, clam-shell-shaped ; low, broadened 

 triangular; and plano-convex. The additional forms are 

 oyster-shell-shaped ; elongated pyriform ; club-shaped ; 

 somewhat quadrangular; pure ovoid; boot-shaped; and 

 nearly round. Compound grains are not very numerous, 

 but conspicuous forms generally consist of_2 components 

 of medium size inclosed in a few common lamellae, mak- 

 ing the grain ellipsoidal or imperfect heart-shaped, as 

 in the parents. Compound grains consisting of 2 small 

 components inclosed in many lamella? are found about as 

 rarely as in C. longifolium, but much more rarely than 

 in C. moorci. The majority of the grains are not so 

 broadened and flattened as in C. longifolium, yet slightly 

 more flattened than in C. moorei. The grains when 

 viewed on edge are usually ellipsoidal or ovoid with the 

 pointed end located distally. The grains, on the whole, 

 are closer to those of C. moorei than to those of G. 

 longifolium. 



The hilum is a small, round, oval or lenticular, refrac- 

 tive spot. It is more refractive than in C. loiigifiiliiiin, 

 but about the same as in C. moorei. Multiple hila are 

 rarely present, being less often seen than in 0. moorci, 

 but not observed at all in G. longifolium. Either a 

 small rounded cavity or fissures may frequently be 

 found at the hilum. The small cavity is more often 

 observed, but the fissures are, as a rule, more delicate 

 and appear in somewhat fewer grains than in C. longi- 

 folium; but the cavity is about the same, while the 

 fissures are more often found and are deeper than in 

 C. moorci. The clefts are more varied than in the 

 parents. They frequently appear as one short trans- 

 verse, diagonal, or crescentic fissure; and sometimes a 

 group may be arranged so as to form soaring-bird, 

 cruciate, stellate, thorn-shaped, orT- or Y-shaped figures. 

 One or sometimes two short fissures which are often 

 ragged may pass from the hilum. The range of eccen- 

 tricity is usually about 0.35 to 0.20 of the longitudinal 

 axis, about the same as in C. longifoliinn. The resem- 

 blances in characters generally are, on the whole, much 

 closer to C. moorei than to C. longifolium. 



The majority of the lamellae are from moderately fine 

 to very fine, and when demonstrable they are usually 

 seen as circular or oval rings continuous to the hilum, 

 but a short distance out they tend to have the shape of 

 the outline of the grain. The lamells are generally 

 demonstrable throughout the entire grain, being more 

 distinct than in C. longifolium, but less so than in 

 G. moorei. They are usually finer and less discernible 

 near the hilum, sometimes being scarcely demonstrable 



