NEKINE. 



505 



TV. giantess, but considerably more irregular than those of 

 N, sarniensis var. corusca major, and the irregularities 

 arc due to the same causes as described under the parents. 

 The conspicuous forms are narrow, elongated or broad 

 elliptical with or without a flattened distal end, ovoid, 

 clam-shell-shaped, triangular, and large irregularly quad- 

 rilateral; and, among the smaller grains, round or nearly 

 round, elliptical, pyriform, and lenticular. These grains 

 appear to be very nearly mid-intermediate between those 

 of the parents, but they are slightly nearer those of 2V. 

 sarniensis var. corusca major. They are in form closer 

 to those of N. sarniensis var. corusca major, and not so 

 near those of N. bowdeni as those of TV. giantess. The 

 grains of the two hybrids closely resemble one another. 



The hilum is as distinct as in TV. boivdcni, but less 

 frequently fissured than in those grains ; when fissuring 

 occurs it is of the types noted under TV. sarniensis var. 

 corusca major. The hilum is sometimes centric, but is 

 usually eccentric from 0.44 to 0.2, commonly 0.25, of the 

 longitudinal axis, somewhat greater than in either parent. 

 The hilum in character is slightly nearer to TV. bowdeni, 

 and in eccentricity to TV. sarniensis var. corusca major, 

 and nearer TV. bowdeni than is TV. giantess. 



The lamellce are not so distinct or so irregular as in 

 TV. bowdeni and TV. giantess, but more distinct and 

 slightly more irregular than in TV. sarniensis var. corusca 

 major. In arrangement they are more like those of the 

 grains of TV. sarniensis var. corusca major. The number 

 counted on the larger grains varies from 16 to 24, usually 

 18 a notably less number than in either parent. In 

 character and arrangement of the lamellre, these grains 

 are nearer TV. sarniensis var. corusca major than TV. 

 bowdeni, and the grains of this hybrid differ from those 

 of TV. giantess which are nearer TV. boivdcni, while these 

 are nearer TV. sarniensis var. corusca major. 



The grains in size vary from the smaller ones which 

 are 8 by S/u. and 10 by 8/*, to the larger elongated forms 

 which are 56 by 44/t and 56 by 34^t, and the larger broad 

 forms which are 42 by 52/1, in length and breadth. The 

 common sizes are 36 by 20^, 34 by 32ft, and 28 by 32/*. 

 These grains are, on the whole, intermediate in size be- 

 tween those of the parents, but closer to A T . bowdeni than 

 TV. sarniensis var. corusca major, and also closer than 

 are those of TV. giantess. 



POLAKISCOPIC PROPERTIES. 



The figure is nearly centric to very eccentric, more 

 eccentric than in either parent, and as distinct and more 

 clear-cut than in TV. bowdeni. The lines are as fine as in 

 TV. bowdeni, but finer than in TV. sarniensis var. corusca 

 major, and they intersect obliquely with less variation 

 of the angle than in TV. bowdeni, but more than in TV. 

 sarniensis var. corusca major. They are also less apt to 

 be bent or bisected than in either TV. bowdeni or TV. 

 giantess, but more than in TV. sarniensis var. corusca 

 major. 



The degree of polarization is moderately high to very 

 high (value 80), less than in either parent and the same 

 as in TV. giantess. There is comparatively little variation 

 in polarization in the same aspect of a given grain as in 

 TV. snrniciisis var. corusca major and TV. giantess. 



With .tflcnife the quadrants as in TV. giantess are 

 usually well defined, unequal in size, and less irregular in 

 shape than in TV. bowdeni, but considerably more than in 

 9 



TV. sarnii'n.ti.t var. coruscn major. The colors are not so 

 pure as in TV. giantess, but somewhat more pure than in 

 TV. bowdeni. 



In the degree of polarization, the character of the 

 figure, and the appearances with selenite TV. abundance, 

 is closer to TV. bowdeni than to TV. sarniensis var. corusca 

 major. N. abundance is not so near N. boir/li'iii ;is is 

 TV. giantess, but both hybrids are very close to one another. 



IODINE REACTIONS. 



With 0.25 per cent Lugol's solution, the grains color 

 a moderate blue-violet (value 50), the same as TV. bowdeni 

 in depth and in tint. With 0.125 per cent Lugol's solu- 

 tion, they color a light blue-violet, less than iii TV. bow- 

 deni, which deepens rapidly, becoming more blue. After 

 heating in water, until all the grains are gelatinized and 

 then adding 2 per cent Lugol's solution, the grains color 

 a very light to deep indigo-blue, lighter than in TV. bow- 

 deni; the capsules, which can frequently be seen, color 

 a pure violet; and the solution a deep indigo-blue, more 

 than in TV. bowdeni. If the preparation is boiled for 2 

 minutes, and then treated with an excess of 2 per cent 

 Lugol's solution, the grain-residues color a very light to 

 deep indigo-blue with a tinge of red less than in TV. 

 bowdeni, the capsules a pinkish violet as in TV. bowdeni, 

 and the solution a very deep indigo as in TV. bowdeni. 

 Qualitatively and quantitatively the iodine reactions of 

 TV. abundance are closer to TV. bowdeni than to TV. sar- 

 niensis var. corusca major. 



Quantitatively the iodine reactions of the unheated 

 grains of TV. abundance and TV. giantess are as far apart 

 as are the parents, but both quantitatively and qualita- 

 tively the gelatinized grains of the two hybrids are very 

 close to one another and to TV. bowdeni. 



ANILINE REACTIONS. 



With gentian violet the grains stain, lightly at once, 

 and in half an hour they are light to moderately stained 

 (value 40), the same as TV. sarniensis var. corusca major. 



With safranin the grains stain lightly at once, and 

 in half an hour they are moderately stained (value 45) 

 less than TV. bowdeni, but more than in TV. sarniensis var. 

 corusca major. 



The aniline reactions of this starch show a closer 

 relationship to TV. sarniensis var. corusca major. These 

 grains are less light than those of TV. giantess, and there- 

 fore nearer TV. sarniensis var. corusca major in this re- 

 spect, while those of TV. giantess are closer to TV. bowdeni. 

 They are closer to one another, however, than the parents 

 are to one another. 



TEMPERATURE REACTIONS. 



The majority of the grains are gelatinized at 69 

 to 69.9 C., and all at 73.9 to 74.8 C., mean 74.3 C. 



The temperature of gelatinization of TV. abundnnco 

 is much closer to TV. bowdeni than to TV. sarniensis var. 

 corusca major, and is higher than that of TV. giantess and 

 is also nearer TV. bowdeni. 



EFFECTS OF VARIOUS REAGENTS. 



The reaction with chloral hydrate begins immediately. 

 Complete gelatinization occurs in about 24 per cent of the 

 entire number of grains and 45 per cent of the total 

 starch in 5 minutes; in about 75 per cent of the grains 

 and 82 per cent of the total starch in 15 minutes; in 



