596 



DATA OF PROPERTIES OF STARCHES OF PARENT- AND HYBRID-STOCKS. 



Ill form N. j. t. bennett poo shows a closer relation- 

 ship to N. emperor than to N. triandrus albus. 



The Ml urn, when not fissured, is as distinct as in N. 

 emperor. It is less often fissured than in either parent ; 

 in frequency of fissuration it shows a closer relationship 

 to N. emperor, and the fissures have the same forms as in 

 this starch. The hilum is sometimes centric, but in the 

 majority of the grains it is eccentric from 0.45 to 0.3, 

 usually 0.3G, of the longitudinal axis. 



In the character and eccentricity of the hilum N. j. t. 

 bennett poe shows a somewhat closer relationship to N. 

 emperor than to N. triandrus albus. 



The lamella are more often distinct than in either 

 parent, and in this the hybrid shows a closer resemblance 

 to N. triandrus albus. They are, as in N. triandrus 

 albus t fine continuous rings which have the same charac- 

 teristics and arrangements as in that starch. In the char- 

 acter of the lamellae N. j. t. bennett poe shows a closer 

 relationship to N. triandrus albus than to N. emperor. 



In size the grains vary from the smaller which are 

 3 by 3/t, to the larger broad forms which are 32 by 46/*, 

 and the larger elongated forms which are 44 by 36/x, in 

 length and breadth. The common sizes are 28 by 30/x. 

 and 28 by 20/*. In size N. j. t. bennett poe shows a some- 

 what closer relationship to N. emperor than to N. trian- 

 drus albus. 



POLARISCOPIC PROPERTIES. 



The figure is as distinct and as well defined as in N. 

 triandrus albus. The lines, as in N. triandrus albus, 

 often cross at a right angle and in other grains at an 

 acute angle which does not vary much in size, and they 

 are usually not bent and only occasionally bisected. 

 There are as few grains, as in N. triandrus albus, in 

 which the figure has the form of a conjugate hyperbola, 

 or of a long line bisected at both ends. 



The degree of polarization varies from low to high 

 (value 60), the same as in N. triandrus albus, and there 

 is as little variation in different parts of a given aspect 

 of the individual grains. 



With selenite the quadrants as in N. triandrus albus 

 are usually clear-cut and regular in form. The colors 

 are usually not pure, and there are but few grains in 

 which the colors have a greenish tinge. 



In the degree of polarization, the character of the 

 figure, and the appearances with selenite, N. j. t. bennett 

 poe shows a closer relationship to N. triandrus albus than 

 to N. emperor. 



IODINE REACTIONS. 



With 0.25 per cent Lugol's solution the grains all 

 color a moderate to deep violet tinged with blue (value 

 60), the same as in N. emperor. With 0.125 per cent 

 Lugol's solution the grains all color a light to moderate 

 violet tinged with blue, the same as in N. emperor. 

 After heating in water until the grains are all gela- 

 tinized, the gelatinized grains all color a moderate indigo, 

 and the solution a deep indigo, as in both parents. If 

 the preparation is boiled for 2 minutes and then treated 

 with an excess of a 2 per cent Lugol's solution, the grain- 

 residues all color a light indigo, the capsules a red or 

 a reddish violet, and the solution a very deep indigo-blue, 

 as in both parents. 



Qualitatively and quantitatively the iodine reactions 

 of the unheated grains show a closer relationship to N. 



emperor than to N. triandrus albus. The iodine reac- 

 tions of the gelatinized and boiled grains show no differ- 

 ences between the parents and the hybrid. 



ANILINE REACTIONS. 



With gentian violet the grains all color very lightly 

 at once, and in 30 minutes they are all moderately colored 

 (value 50), more than in either parent, but nearer to 

 N. emperor. 



With safranin the grains all color very lightly at 

 once, and in half an hour they are moderately colored 

 (value 55), more than in either parent but closer to 

 N. emperor. 



In the reactions with aniline stains N. j. t. bennett 

 poe shows a closer relationship to N. emperor than to 

 N. triandrus albus. 



TEMPERATURE REACTIONS. 



The temperature of gelatinization of the majority of 

 the grains is 64 to 64.8 C., and of all 69 to 71 C., 

 mean 70 C. 



The temperature of gelatinization of N. j. t. bennett 

 poe is lower than that of either parent and differs from 

 both much more than they do from one another, but is 

 somewhat closer to that of A 7 , triandrus albus than to 

 that of N. emperor. 



EFFECTS OF VARIOUS REAGENTS. 



The reaction with chloral hydrate begins in a few 

 grains in 1 minute. Complete gelatinization occurs in 

 about 1 per cent of the entire number of grains and 

 4 per cent of the total starch in 5 minutes ; in about 4 per 

 cent of the grains and 8 per cent of the total starch in 

 15 minutes; in about 10 per cent of the grains and 20 

 per cent of the total starch in 30 minutes; in about 

 20 per cent of the grains and 24 per cent of the total 

 starch in 45 minutes; and in about 28 per cent of the 

 grains and 32 per cent of the total starch in 60 minutes. 

 (Chart D 341.) 



The hilum becomes distinct, accompanied by the for- 

 mation of a bubble in a smaller number of grains than 

 in N. emperor and in many less than in N. triandrus 

 albus. The lamella?, which at first are not visible, later 

 become as distinct as in N. emperor. The grains become 

 as refractive as in both parents after the addition of the 

 reagent. Gelatinization begins at the distal margin or 

 at the proximal end, and then at the distal end, as in 

 N. emperor, and progresses according to the two methods 

 described under both parents. In- the first method, which 

 is seen in a majority of the grains, gelatinization pro- 

 gresses as in N. emperor, the only differences noted being 

 that there was some irregular fissuring and breaking away 

 of small particles from the ungelatinized starch and 

 not so often a separation into two pieces of the material 

 just distal to the hilum by a longitudinal fissure. In the 

 second method no differences are to be noted between 

 the hybrid and N. emperor. The gelatinized grains are 

 as much swollen, have as thin capsules, and are as dis- 

 torted as in N. emperor. In this reaction N. j. t. bennett 

 poe shows qualitatively a closer relationship to N. em- 

 peror than to N. triandrus albus. 



The reaction with chromic acid begins in 30 seconds. 

 Complete gelatinization occurs in less than 0.5 per cent 

 of the entire number of grains and 3 per cent of the 

 total starch in 5 minutes; in about 16 per cent of the 



