LIL1UM. 



613 



ally marked by a small, straight, transverse or oblique 

 fissure. The bilum is eccentric from 0.33 to 0.12, usually 

 0.2, of the longitudinal axis. 



The lamellce are usually fine and not very distinct. 

 Those directly around the hilum are continuous and have 

 a round or oval form. The rest have the form of the 

 outline of the grain, and when near the distal cud are less 

 fine, more distinct, and appear to be discontinuous. There 

 is often one broad, refractive, and very distinct lamella 

 situated about two-thirds to three-fourths of the distance 

 from the hilum to the distal margin which separates the 

 fine proximal lamellae from those not so fine and more 

 distinct at the distal end. Sometimes there are 3 or 5 

 such broad refractive lamellae which divide the fine la- 

 mella? into bands of varying breadth. The number 

 counted on the larger grains varies from 30 to 52, 

 usually 36. 



The size of the grains varies from the smaller which 

 are 5 by 5/t, to the larger which are 50 by 36/A and 50 

 by 4:8(1, in length and breadth. The common size is 

 28 by 21/i. 



Comparison of the histologic properties between L. 

 martagon album and L. tenuifolium shows : 



Form: A. very few compound grains and aggregates 

 of the same types as in L. tenuifolium are seen. The 

 grains are more regular in form, but any irregularities 

 are due to the same causes as in L. tenuifolium. Pro- 

 tuberances from the sides or ends of the grain are 

 much swollen and more rounded than in L. tenuifolium. 

 The grains are less varied in form, and dome-shaped and 

 lenticular forms occur which are not seen in L. tenui- 

 folium. Fewer of the grains are flattened, but when 

 such grains are viewed on edge their form is the same 

 as in L. tenuifolium. 



The hilum is not so distinct as in L. tenuifolium. It 

 is less often occupied by a cavity, but somewhat more 

 often fissured than in L. tenuifolium, and the fissures 

 have the forms of : ( 1 ) A small, straight, transverse line ; 

 (2) a flying-bird. In a few grains two fissures, appa- 

 rently on opposite sides of the grain, are observed. The 

 hilum is somewhat less eccentric, being commonly cen- 

 tric, usually 0.22 of the longitudinal axis. 



The lamellce have the same characteristics and 

 arrangement as in L. tenuifolium, but they are more 

 numerous. 



In size the grains are somewhat larger than those of 

 L. tenuifolium, the common size being 30 by 19/i in 

 length and breadth. 



POLABISCOPIC PROPERTIES. 



The figure is distinct and usually well defined. The 

 lines cross at a very acute angle which does not vary 

 greatly in size in the different grains, and they are often 

 very much bent, but rarely bisected. 



The degree of polarization varies from low to high 

 (value 50) ; in most of the grains it is moderate, and in 

 a few it is low, and in a few others it is high. There is 

 occasionally some variation in a given aspect of an indi- 

 vidual grain. 



With selenite the quadrants are usually clear-cut. 

 They are very unequal in size and often irregular in 

 shape. The colors are usually not pure, the yellow being 

 less pure than the blue. 



Comparison of the polariscopic properties between L. 

 marlagon album and L. tenuifolium shows: 



The figure is as distinct and is always well defined, 

 the lines do not cross at such an acute angle, and are not 

 so often bent as in L. tenuifolium. 



The degree of polarization varies from low to high 

 (value 65) and there are more grains in which it is high 

 and fewer in which it is moderate than in L. tenuifolium. 

 It is much higher than in L. tenuifolium. 



With selenite the quadrants are more often clear-cut, 

 and not so unequal in size nor so often irregular in shape 

 as in L. tenuifolium. The colors are usually pure in- 

 stead of the reverse as in L. tenuifolium. 



IODINE REACTIONS. 



With 0.25 per cent Lugol's solution the grains all 

 color a moderate violet tinged with blue (value 55), and 

 the color deepens rapidly until it is very deep and much 

 more bluish. With 0.125 per cent Lugol's solution the 

 grains all color a light violet tinged with blue, and the 

 color deepens very rapidly until it is very deep and much 

 more bluish. After heating in water until the grains are 

 all gelatinized and then treating with a 2 per cent Lugol'a 

 solution, the gelatinized grains all color a light indigo, 

 and the solution a very deep indigo. If the preparation 

 is boiled for 2 minutes and then treated with an excess 

 of a 2 per cent Lugol's solution, some of the grain-resi- 

 dues color a very light indigo, but most of them are not 

 colored, excepting the capsules ; the capsules all color a 

 red or a reddish violet, and the solution a very deep 

 indigo. 



Comparison of the iodine reactions between L. mar- 

 tagon album and L. tenuifolium shows : 



With a 0.25 per cent Lugol's solution the grains color 

 much more (value 65), and with more of a bluish tint; 

 so also with a 0.125 per cent Lugol's solution. After 

 heating in water until the grains are all gelatinized, most 

 of the gelatinized grains color a light and some a moder- 

 ate indigo-blue, more than in L. tenuifolium, and the 

 solution a deep -indigo, somewhat less than in L. tenui- 

 folium. If the preparation is treated with an excess of 

 a 2 per cent Lugol's solution, more of the grain-residues 

 color light indigo than in L. tenuifolium; the capsules 

 and the solution color the same as in L. tenuifolium. 



ANILINE REACTIONS. 



With gentian violet the grains all color very lightly 

 in 1 minute, and in 30 minutes the majority are moder- 

 ately and a few deeply colored (value 60). The grains 

 are usually colored more at the distal than at the proximal 

 end. 



With safranin the grains all color very lightly in 1 

 minute, and in 30 minutes the majority are moderately 

 and a very few deeply colored (value 55), less than with 

 gentian violet. The grains are usually colored more at the 

 distal than at the proximal end. 



Comparison of the aniline reactions between L. mar- 

 tagon and L. tenuifolium shows : 



With gentian violet the grains all color moderate 

 to deeply (value 55), less than in L. tenuifolium. 



With safranin most of the grains color moderately 

 and a few deeply (value 50), somewhat less than in L. 

 tenuifolium. 



