616 



DATA OF PROPERTIES OF STARCHES OF PARENT- AND HYBRID-STOCKS. 



hilum toward the distal margin, the material between 

 them is less rapidly gelatinized and less distinctly fis- 

 sured than in L. tenuifolium, and forms a larger granu- 

 lar mass at the distal end of the grains, than in that 

 starch. This mass as the grain swells is divided by 

 wedge-shaped fissures into a serrated inner border to the 

 marginal band of material at the distal end, and this is 

 not seen in any of the grains of L. tenuifolium. Other- 

 wise the process of gelatinization is the same in the two 

 starches. The gelatinized grains are as much swollen, 

 do not have such thin capsules, and are much more dis- 

 torted at the distal end than in that starch. 



The reaction with copper nitrate begins immediately. 

 Complete gelatinization occurs in about 67 per cent of the 

 entire number of grains and 90 per cent of the total 

 starch in 1 minute, and in 99 per cent of the grains and 

 more than 99 per cent of the total starch in 3 minutes. 



The reaction with cupric chloride begins imme- 

 diately. Complete gelatinization occurs in about 57 per 

 cent of the entire number of grains and 70 per cent of 

 the total starch in 1 minute ; in about 80 per cent of the 

 grains and 95 per cent of the total starch in 3 minutes ; 

 and in about 98 per cent of the grains and 99 per cent 

 of the total starch in 5 minutes. 



The hilum becomes distinct, attended by the forma- 

 tion of a bubble in the majority of the grains. The 

 lamellfe are very distinct. Gelatinization begins at the 

 hilum, which swells more rapidly in the direction of the 

 proximal than the distal end. As it swells an invagina- 

 tion pushes in from either side, but is later pushed out 

 again. Two fissures extend obliquely from either side of 

 the hilum about three-fourths of the distance from the 

 hilum to the margin. The starch included between 

 them becomes a mass of irregular granules into which 

 3 or 4 rather indistinct fissures extend. This gela- 

 tinizes comparatively slowly and leaves rather a large 

 residue of refractive indistinctly granular material at 

 the distal end of the grain. The starch at the proxi- 

 mal and distal margins and sides forms a rather thick, 

 homogeneous-looking, refractive band which gradually 

 grows thinner and more nearly transparent until it is 

 gelatinized, leaving only the capsule. The refractive 

 granular mass at the distal margin is the last to be gela- 

 tinized. The gelatinized grains are much swollen, have 

 rather thick capsules, and are greatly distorted especially 

 at the distal end. 



Comparison of the cupric-chloride reactions between 

 L. martagon album and L. tenuifolium shows: 



A bubble is less often formed at the hilum, and the 

 lamellffi are less distinct, than in L. tenuifolium. Gela- 

 tinization is not very different from the process noted in 

 L. tenuifolium. The differences are that the starch in- 

 cluded between the 2 original fissures which extend 

 from the hilum is more distinctly fissured, is gelatinized 

 more easily, and leaves a smaller granular refractive 

 residue at the distal end which is usually gelatinized 

 before instead of after the marginal material. The 

 starch at the margin forms a thicker and less refractive 

 band than in L. tenuifolium. The gelatinized grains are 

 as much swollen, have as thick capsules, and are some- 

 what more distorted than in L. martagon album. 



The reaction with barium chloride begins imme- 

 diately. Complete gelatinization occurs in about 61 

 per cent of the entire number of grains and 66 per cent 



of the total starch in 1 minute; in about 72 per cent 

 of the grains and 88 per cent of the total starch in 3 

 minutes ; in about 88 per cent of the grains and 96 per 

 cent of the total starch in 5 minutes; and in about 99 

 per cent of the grains and in more than 99 per cent of the 

 total starch in 15 minutes. (Chart D 364.) 



The reaction with mercuric chloride begins imme- 

 diately. Complete gelatinizatiou occurs in about 66 per 

 cent of the entire number of grains and 90 per cent of 

 the total starch in 30 seconds ; in about 85 per cent of 

 the grains and 97 per cent of the total starch in 1 minute ; 

 and in 100 per cent of the grains and total starch in 

 3 minutes. 



LlLIIJM GOLDEN GLEAM (HYBRID). 



(Plate 16, fig. 96; Charts D 361 to D 366.) 



HISTOLOGIC PROPERTIES. 



In form the grains are usually simple and isolated. 

 A very few compound grains of the type described under 

 both parents occur, but no aggregates are seen. The 

 grains are more irregular in form than in either parent, 

 and in this characteristic show a closer resemblance to 

 L. tenuifolium than to L. martagon album. The irregu- 

 larities are clue to the following causes: (1) Small de- 

 pressions and elevations in the surface, usually more 

 numerous at the distal end; (2) a rounded or pointed 

 protuberance from either side or from proximal end ; 

 (3) the greater development of one part of the distal end 

 than of the rest, all of which causes with the addition of 

 one or two others are evident in both parents. The con- 

 spicuous forms are pure and elongated ovoid, ellipsoidal 

 with flattened or rounded distal end, and both broad and 

 narrow pyriform. The additional forms are clam-shell- 

 shaped, club-shaped, nearly round, oyster-shell-shaped, 

 and finger-shaped grains. The broad, flattened forms are 

 not quite so numerous as in L. tenuifolium, but more 

 numerous than in L. martagon album. In form L. gol- 

 den gleam shows a closer relationship to L. tenuifolium 

 than to L. martagon album. 



The hilum when not fissured is as distinct as in L. 

 tenuifolium and is more often and more extensively 

 fissured than in either parent, and in this respect is 

 somewhat closer to L. martagon album than to L. tenuir 

 folium. The fissures have the following forms: (1) A 

 single, straight, transverse or oblique line; (2) cruciate, 

 Y-, or T-shaped; (3) a flying-bird figure. The hilum is 

 eccentric from O.-i to 0.18, usually 0.27, of the longi- 

 tudinal axis. 



In the character of the hilum when not fissured and 

 in eccentricity L. golden gleam shows a closer relation- 

 ship to L. tenuifolium than to L. martagon albu?n. The 

 hilum in the hybrid is much more fissured than in either 

 parent. Those of the latter resemble one another more 

 closely than the hila of the hybrid resemble those of 

 either parent. Eccentricity is less than in either parent. 



The lamella; are not distinct and not so fine as in 

 either parent. In arrangement they are the same as in 

 both parents. The number counted on the larger grains 

 varies from 20 to 30, usually 25, which is distinctly less 

 than in either parent. 



The lamella? do not resemble those of either parent so 

 closely as the parents resemble one another, but, on the 

 whole, are more closely related to L. tenuifolium. 



