LILIUM. 



633 



and total starch in 3 minutes; and in about the same 

 percentage of the grains and total starch in 5 minutes. 



The hilum becomes distinct in all the grains, attended 

 by the formation of a bubble in very few, as in L. parda- 

 linum. The lamellae are usually not very distinct, not 

 nearly so distinct as in L. pardalinum. Gelatiuization 

 begins at the hilum, which swells more rapidly toward 

 the proximal than the distal end. Two fissures extend 

 from either side of the hilum about three-fourths of the 

 distance between the hilum and the distal margin fur- 

 ther than in L. pardalinum. The portion included be- 

 tween these fissures is broken up into refractive gran- 

 ules which gelatinize more readily than similar granules 

 of L. pardalinum. They leave a residue of very refrac- 

 tive granules at the distal end of the grain, which is 

 gelatinized usually before the marginal starch. This 

 is never split to form a serrated border, as in L. parda- 

 linum. The material at the proximal and distal margins 

 and sides forms a refractive, homogeneous-looking band 

 which gelatinizes comparatively slowly. The gelatinized 

 grains are as much swollen as in L. pardalinum. They 

 have not such thick capsules and are not so much dis- 

 torted as in that starch. 



The reaction with barium chloride begins immedi- 

 ately. Complete gelatinization occurs in about 65 per 

 cent of the entire number of grains and 91 per cent of 

 the total starch in 1 minute; in about 96 per cent of the 

 grains and 98 per cent of the total starch in 3 minutes ; 

 and in about 97 per cent of the grains and 99 per cent 

 of the total starch in 5 minutes. 



The reaction with mercuric chloride begins imme- 

 diately. Complete gelatinization occurs in about 93 per 

 cent of the entire number of grains and 95 per cent of the 

 total starch in 30 seconds; in about 96 per cent of the 

 grains and 99 per cent of the total starch in 1 minute ; 

 and in about 98 per cent of the grains and in more than 

 99 per cent of the total starch in 5 minutes. (Chart 

 D378.) 



LILIUM BUBBANKI (HYBRID). 



(Plate 17, Hg. 102; Charts D 373 to D 378.) 

 HISTOLOGIC PROPERTIES. 



In form the grains are always simple and usually 

 isolated. No compound grains are seen, although they 

 occur in both parents, but there is a small number of 

 aggregates as in L. parryi, and, as in that starch, are 

 composed of two components of equal size adherent to 

 one another at their distal ends. The grains are more 

 regular in form than in either parent, in this character- 

 istic more closely resembling L. pardalinum. The irreg- 

 ularities that occur are due to the following causes 

 which are seen in both parents: (1) Small rounded or 

 large, pointed protuberances from the proximal end or 

 from the sides; (2) a greater development of one part 

 of the distal end than of the rest. The conspicuous 

 forms are broad ovoid and pure ovoid, triangular with 

 curved base and rounded angles, elliptical, and pyriform. 

 The additional forms are nearly round, clam-shell-shaped, 

 and lenticular. As in both parents, the broader forms 

 are somewhat flattened, and when viewed on edge have 

 an elongated ovoid or elliptical form. In form L. bur- 

 banki shows a somewhat closer relationship to L. parda- 

 linum than to L. parryi. 



The hilum is not so distinct and is less often fissured 

 than in either parent, and in this respect shows a closer 

 17 



relationship to L. parryi than to L. pardalinum. The 

 fissures when present have the same forms as in L. parryi. 

 The hilum is eccentric from 0.43 to 0.14, usually 0.2, 

 of the longitudinal axis. It is less eccentric than in 

 either parent. 



In the character and eccentricity of the hilum, L. 

 burbanki shows a closer relationship to L. parryi than to 

 L. pardalinum. 



The lamella are as fine and as distinct as in L. par- 

 dalinum and have the same characteristics as in that 

 starch, except that they do not at any time have a wavy 

 or irregular outline. The lamellae counted on the larger 

 grains vary from 22 to 35, usually 28. 



In size the grains vary from the smaller which are 

 6 by 6/n, to the large broad forms which are 50 by 46/*, 

 and the larger elongated forms which are 48 by 30^, 

 in length and breadth. The common sizes are 34 by 30/x 

 and 34 by 24/x. 



In size L. burbanki is somewhat closer to L. parda- 

 linum than to L. parryi, but shows almost a mid-degree 

 of intermediateness between the two parents. 



POLARISCOPIC PROPERTIES. 



The figure is as distinct as in both parents and is 

 better defined than in either parent, in this respect more 

 closely resembling L. parryi than L. pardalinum. The 

 lines usually cross at a very acute angle as in L. parryi, 

 but they are not so often bent as in either parent, and in 

 this respect more nearly resemble L. pardalinum. The 

 figure, less often than in either parent, has a variation 

 in the form of a cross-bar connecting the two longer arms 

 of the cross, and in this respect more nearly resembles 

 L. parryi. 



The degree of polarization varies from low to high 

 (value 50), the same as in L. parryi. There is little vari- 

 iation in a given aspect of an individual grain. 



With selenite the quadrants are more clear-cut than 

 in either parent, and in this respect are closer to L. 

 parryi. They are less unequal in size and irregular in 

 shape than in either parent, and in this respect are 

 closer to L. pardalinum. The colors are usually not 

 pure as in L. parryi. 



In the degree of polarization, the character of the 

 figure, and the appearances with selenite L. burbanki 

 shows a closer relationship to L. parryi than to L. 

 pardalinum. 



IODINE REACTIONS. 



With 0.25 per cent Lugol's solution, the grains all 

 color a light to moderate blue-violet (value 40), the 

 same as in L. pardalinum and less than in L. parryi. 

 With 0.125 per cent Lugol's solution the grains all color 

 lightly, the same as in L. pardalinum. If the grains are 

 heated in water until all are completely gelatinized and 

 then treated with a 2 per cent Lugol's solution, the 

 gelatinized grains are very deeply or deeply colored 

 indigo, more than in either parent but closer to L. parda- 

 linum, and the solution colored a moderate indigo, less 

 than in either parent. If the preparation is boiled for 

 2 minutes and then treated with an excess of a 2 per cent 

 Lugol's solution, the grain-residues nearly all color a light 

 to moderate indigo, more than in either parent ; the 

 capsules a very deep violet, as in L. pardalinum; and 

 the solution a very deep indigo, as in L. pardalinum. 



