MACROSCOPIC AND MICROSCOPIC CHARACTERS OF PLANTS. 



823 



are more numerous and longer in the loth hybrids than 

 in C. spicerianum 0.5 in C. spice rianum, none in 0. 

 villosum, 1.3 in C. lathamianum, 0.76 in C. lathamianum 

 inversum. 



The color at the midrib is red-purple in C. spiceri- 

 anum, C. lathamianum, and C. lathamianum inversum, 

 and pea-green with dark-brown veins in C. villosum. 

 The color is due in C. spicerianum to the cells being filled 

 with a deep reddish-violet cell sap ; in C. villosum the cells 

 of the upper epidermis containing green plastids, and 

 those of the layer beneath containing a red-violet cell 

 sap; in C. lathamianum and C. lalhamianum inversum 

 to a deep red-violet sap in most of the cells of the layer 

 beneath and also probably in the upper epidermis, other 

 epidermal cells contain pale yellowish-green plastids and 

 others both the yellowish-green plastids and the red-violet 

 cell sap. 



Sections of the lower epidermis at the middle of the 

 midrib were also examined. The cells are much elon- 

 gated, and hairs are very numerous. There are two types 

 of hairs : one, the pointed, consisting of 2 to 4 cells in a 

 line, the end cell being pointed ; the other, club-shaped, 

 like the other except that the 2 or 3 end-cells are short- 

 ened and the last one swollen. The pointed hairs are 

 present in C. spicerianum, and club-shaped hairs are 

 very rare. The pointed hairs are less numerous than the 

 club-shaped in C. villosum; they are 1 to 4 in C. villosum, 

 3 to 2 in C. lathamianum, and 2 to 1 in C. lathamiui/iim 

 inversum, but more numerous in the hybrids. The 

 pointed hairs are shorter in C. spicerianum than in C. 

 villosum, and in the hybrids they are between those of the 

 parents, though in C. lathamianum much nearer C. 

 spicerianum, and in C. lathamianum inversum much 

 nearer C. villosum.. The club-shaped hairs are also 

 shorter in C. spicerianum than in C. villosum. Those of 

 C. lalhamianum, though between those of the parents, 

 are nearer C. spicerianum, and those of C. lathamianum 

 inversum are shorter than in either parent. (Table J 55.) 



The color is red-purple in C. spicerianum and C. 

 lathamianum, greenish purple in C. lathamianum inver- 

 sum, and green with long numerous purple hairs in C. 

 mttosiim. It is due in C. spicerianum to all of the epi- 

 dermal cells, except those from which hairs arise, being 

 filled with a deep red-violet sap, and the hairs while not 

 containing a red-violet cell sap have yellow-orange 

 chromoplasts ; in C. villosum to the epidermal cells be- 

 ing filled with yellowish-green plastids and the hairs 

 being filled with a violet cell sap and yellowish-green plas- 

 tids, the end-cells of the club-shaped hairs being packed 

 with yellow-brown chromoplasts ; in C. lathamianum 

 to some cells that are filled with yellowish-green plastids 

 and others with plastids and violet cell sap. The hairs 

 are filled either with only a deep-violet cell sap, or with 

 a violet cell sap and the rounded end-cell with yellow 

 chromoplasts. In C. lathamianum inversum there are' 

 more cells with yellowish-green plastids and fewer with 

 a violet sap and plastids than in C. lathamianum. A 

 few hairs contain violet sap only ; others with a violet sap 

 and yellow-brown chrojnoplasts in blunt end-cells; and 

 others with only a few yellow chromoplasts. 



Sections of the upper epidermis of the dorsal sepal 

 at the base were also examined. The upper epidermal 

 cells are smaller in C. spicerianum than in C. villosum. 

 In both hybrids the cells are of greater length than in 



either parent, but the width is between those of the 

 parents, that of C. lathamianum being nearer that of 

 C. villosum, that of C. lathamianum inversum nearer 

 C. spicerianum. (Table J 55.) 



Club-shaped hairs are present in C. spicerianum, 

 absent in C. villosum and present in less numbers in 

 both hybirds. They are longer in both hybrids than in 

 C. spicerianum. (Table J 55.) 



The color is green with reddish hairs in C. spiceri- 

 anum; deep reddish brown in C. villosum; green spotted 

 with deep red-brown in C. lathamianum; and a paler 

 green spotted with red-brown in C. lathamianum in- 

 versum. It is due in C. spicerianum to the upper epi- 

 dermal cells being filled with yellow-green plastids, hairs 

 filled with violet sap, the 2 or 3 end-cells containing 

 yellow chromoplasts ; in C. villosum to the upper epider- 

 mal cells containing greenish-yellow chromoplasts, and 

 to many cells of the layer beneath being filled with a 

 red-violet cell sap ; in C. lathamianum to the upper 

 epidermal cells containing yellowish-green plastids, in 

 scattered regions to several adjoining cells of the layer 

 beneath containing a red-violet sap, and to hairs con- 

 taining a violet sap which have end-cells packed with 

 orange chromoplasts ; in C. lathamianum inversum to the 

 same conditions as in C. lathamianum, the only differ- 

 ences being that the chromoplasts in the upper epidermal 

 cells are more yellowish and the hairs more numerous 

 than in C. lathamianum, giving an appearance very much 

 like that of the other hybrid. 



The lower epidermis of the dorsal sepal at the base 

 consists of longer and narrower cells in C. spicerianum 

 than in C. villosum. The cells of both hybrids are 

 larger in both dimensions than in either parent. (Table 

 J 55.) 



Both pointed and club-shaped hairs are present. The 

 former are more numerous than the latter, which are 

 rare, in C. spicerianum, while there is the reverse in 

 C. villosum. Pointed hairs are 4 to 1 in C. lathami- 

 anum, and in equal numbers in C. lathamianum inver- 

 sum. The pointed hairs are shorter in C. spicerianum 

 than in 0. villosum, and though the average length in 

 both hi/brids is between those of the parents, it is 

 much nearer C. spicerianum. Those of C. lathamianum 

 inversum are much longer than those of C. lalhamianum. 

 The club-shaped hairs also are shorter in C. spicerianum 

 than in C. villosum. In C. lathamianum the average 

 length is shorter than in cither parent. In C. lathami- 

 anum inversum the average length, though between that 

 of the parents, is much nearer C. spicerianum. The club- 

 slmprd hairs also are longer in C. lathamianum inversum 

 than in C. lathamianum. (Table J 55.) 



The color is green in C. spicerianum, green with 

 many long violet hairs in C. villosum, green with short 

 violet hairs in C. lathamianum, and a slightly paler 

 green with short violet hairs in C. lathamianum inversum. 

 It is due in C. spicerianum to the lower epidermal cells 

 being filled with yellowish-green plastids, and to hairs 

 that contain yellowish chromoplasts and a few basal cells 

 that contain a violet cell sap ; in C. villosum to the epi- 

 dermal cells containing yellowish-green plastids, the hairs 

 all being filled with a violet cell sap, and also with a few 

 yellowish chromoplasts; in both C. lathamianum and 

 C. lathamianum inversum to the epidermal cells being 

 filled with yellowish-green plastids. A violet cell sap 



