PLATE LXII. 159 



near its base, and a smaller one about one inch from the 

 base of the large central one, not exceeding three lines 

 in diameter, which had apparently been subsequently 

 developed as the sponge had increased in size, and the 

 same mode of the development of the cloacal appen- 

 dages appears to have obtained in the specimen repre- 

 sented by fig. 1, while in the largest specimen obtained 

 by Mr. Norman the greatest horizontal diameter was 

 four and a quarter inches, and the perpendicular 

 diameter of the bulbous body was three and five 

 eighths inches. The base of this specimen had the 

 remains, apparently, of three or four large prehensile 

 projections, and the summit of the bulb was furnished 

 with eleven small fistular cloacae, some of them in quite 

 a rudimentary state, none of them exceeding an inch 

 in height. It is therefore apparent that the number, 

 size, and form of the penicillate cloacae vary to a 

 great extent. The largest one I have seen exceeded 

 five inches in height, and was nine lines in diameter. 

 In nearly every instance their distal extremities were 

 more or less open by fracture, but in one well-pre- 

 served specimen three and a half inches in height the 

 distal termination is in the form of a blunt cone, very 

 thin, and rather coarsely reticulated. In none of these 

 organs have I ever found any of the glutinous sarcode 

 that is so abundant in the body of the sponge. 



The external crust of the largest sponge at its 

 greatest diameter varies in thickness from one to four 

 lines. In the smaller specimens, not exceeding two 

 and a half inches in diameter in many parts, it did not 

 exceed a quarter or one third of a line in thickness. 



On one fragment of the sponge apparently 

 from the curve of its expansion, of much greater 

 size than the largest of Mr. Norman's specimens, 

 there was on a surface about two and a half inches 

 square as many as seventeen of the remains of 

 small fistulas, varying in their diameter from three to 

 six lines. 



One of the largest of the detached fistular projec- 



