7. Anthozoa (incl. Hydrocorallia). B. Alcyonaria. 31 



of R. are, however, restricted to the Kiel), indicating a close relationship, which 

 has also been inferred on other grounds. Parasitic Crustacea frequently occurred 

 in the canals, especially in the dorsal one. - - Kophobdemnon. In the Kiel of 

 stelliferum there is a network of moderately wide canals, abundant in the axis- 

 sheath and in the walls of the principal canals, in connection with the coelentera 

 of the polyps and zooids, and with the principal canals. In the stalk there 

 is a strong longitudinal musculature on the walls of the parietal canals. The 

 circular musculature is not well developed. Anthoptilum. The 4 principal 

 canals of grcmdiflorum extend to the lower end of the stalk, and are connected 

 by numerous apertures in the septa. They also communicate directly with the 

 peripheral canal-system. The septa between the 4 principal canals are con- 

 siderably thick, and their mesogloea is traversed by a close irregular network 

 of narrow canals and cords of cells. In the lowest part of the stalk the septa 

 bifurcate peripherally, the two portions enclosing a peripheral canal, which 

 communicates with the principal canals and the smaller peripheral canals. In 

 the tip of the colony one of the two median canals apparently merged into 

 the coelenteron of a polyp (= terminal polyp). Pores were not visible in sec- 

 tions of the lower end of the stalk. The longitudinal muscles of the stalk 

 are regularly arranged on short but closely apposed radial lamellae. The co- 

 lonial musculature of the Kiel is weak. The spongy tissue is greatly developed 

 around the chief canals and the axis; it is connected with the chief canals 

 and with the coelentera of the polyps and zooids by moderately large canals. 

 The authors did not find on the stalk the swelling, nor the zooids, described 

 by Musgrave [see Bericht f. 1909 Coel. p 55], but observed the occurrence in 

 this region of small pores, which may be situated on slight elevations and 

 are formed by depression of the epidermis; from the bottom of the depression 

 the thicker ectoderm may rise as a papilla. The ectoderm in these depressions 

 is very glandular. Funiculina. A sphincter pedunculi was not seen in 

 quadrangular is. The axis is surrounded by a thick sheath. Besides the axis 

 itself there are numerous horny cords, some of which are connected with the 

 axis, lying in the axis-sheath. These cords have the same essential structure 

 as the axis, and here and there cells are present in them in various degrees 

 of cornification. The cornification of the principal axis is more complete and 

 its structure somewhat closer than that of the cords. In the centre of the 

 axis is a series of concentric lamellae of connective tissue. An axis-epithelium 

 was not observed. The accessory cords are produced by cornification of the 

 strings of endoderm cells in the mesogloea of the axis-sheath; all stages of 

 cornification are present. The theory of the ectodermal origin of the Pennatulid 

 axis is untenable, the axis-epithelium, when present, being merely the epithelium 

 of an endodermic canal. The authors differ from previous observers in finding 

 zooids in this species. The tentacles of these zooids are small and without 

 pinnules, the stomodaeuin is scarcely folded and has a very well developed 

 siphonoglyph, the 8 mesenteries have no muscles and only the two dorsal ones 

 have filaments. The polyps have a strongly folded stomodaeum, without siphono- 

 glyph, the mesenteries bear strong muscles and the 6 short ones carry the 

 gonads. Young polyps are similar externally to the zooids, but they differ in 

 their internal structure. - - Amphiacme. The oral disc of the end-polyp of 

 dbyssorum is covered with slime-glands. The thick mesogloea of the polyp 

 extends into the tentacles and pinnules; it contains a network of fine fibres 

 and cells, probably nervous. In the upper part of the polyp the mesenteries 

 are thin and their musculature weak, but lower down the muscles are more 

 distinct. There is a thin layer of circular muscles on the inner edge of the 



