94 



Studies on Solution. 



coefficients of conductivity expressed in conductivity units (see tables 

 36 to 41) are all of the same order of magnitude for the alkalis, but 

 again are larger in the case of the alkaline earths. 



Owing to the limited solubility of these salts in formamid, viscosity 

 measurements were made only on the alkali formates. Rubidium 

 and ammonium formates increase the viscosity of the solvent to a less 

 extent than do sodium and lithium formates ; this behavior being analo- 

 gous to that of the nitrates. 



TABLE 55. Comparison of Conductivity and Dissociation of Sodium Salts of 

 Organic Acids in Formamid and in Water at 25 C. 



'Bull. Imp. Acad. Sci. St. Petersburg (1911). Translation in German. 



Table 55 brings out very clearly that the conductance capacity of 

 the first three salts is approximately equal, and the same is true of the 

 next three. All of the monobasic salts have very nearly the same con- 

 ductance, while the dibasic salt, being a ternary electrolyte, has about 

 twice their conductance. The same fact is brought out by the recent 

 work of Lloyd and Pardee in their data for conductivity in pure alcohol. 

 (See Chapter III.) 



The conductivity of the first three salts in the table showed a remark- 

 able increase in dilute solutions. The sodium salts of these organic 

 acids tend to increase in conductivity upon standing. Apparently 

 no relation is brought out by the conductivity values in regard to the 

 constitution of the organic salts. 



An attempt was made to measure the conductivity of benzoic and 

 salicylic acids in formamid, with the result that the conductivity 

 values increased at the rate of about one integer an hour. Walden, 

 however, has measured the conductivity of some aliphatic acids and 

 does not mention this phenomenon. 



The viscosity values (see tables 42 to 48) for solutions of these organic 

 salts in formamid are all of the same order of magnitude, with the excep- 

 tion of sodium succinate, a ternary electrolyte, which gives larger 

 values. As in the case of the conductivity data, there is little evidence 

 for any relation between viscosity and constitution, although the viscos- 

 ity appears to become greater with increasing complexity of the acid. 



