INDEX. 



751 



The Numbers refer to the Paragraphs. 



Tunica granulosa, 906, 912 



Turkish race, 96 



Tunicata, nervous system and actions of, 316 



Tympanum, membrane of, 563 ; cavity of, 564 



U. 



UMBILICAL cord, 941, 942 



vesicle, 939, 941 



Unguiculated Mammalia, 48, 49 



Ungulated Mammalia, 48, 49 



Unity, specific, of human races, 91 



Urea, composition of, S44 ; increase of by ex- 

 ercise, 844 



Uric acid, composition of, 845; pathological 

 changes in, 845 a-d 



Urine, nature and purposes of its secretion, 842 

 852; effects of its retention, 842; com- 

 position of, in health, 843; amount of urea 

 contained in, 844; uric acid in, 845; hippu- 

 ric acid in, 845 a ; no lactic acid in, 846; 

 saline compounds in, 847; alkaline or acid 

 reaction of, 848 ; amount of azotized matter 

 in, 849 ; influence of diet on, 849, 850 ; trans- 

 ference of secretion, 851 ; excretion of saline 

 matter with, 852 



Uterus, changes of, preparatory to gestation, 

 919; increase in substance during gestation, 

 926 ; contractions of, how far dependent on 

 nervous agency, 393, 928 



V. 



VAGUS nerve, see Par Vagum 



Valentin, his researches on Spinal Cord, 349; 

 on movements of Stomach, 387 ; on the Sym- 

 pathetic, 388, 390, 393, 730 ; on Olfactory 

 nerve, 441 ; on Optic nerve, 442 ; on Portio 

 Dura, 406 ; on Par Vagum, 408, 416 ; on Spi- 

 nal Accessory, 417; on Hypoglossal, 418; 

 on quantity of blood in system, 724 



Valves of heart, actions of, 722, 723 c; sounds 

 produced by, 720, 721 



Vapour, exhalation of, from lungs, 773, 774 



Variation, extremes of in species, 68 71 ; in 

 Man, 72, 73 



Varicose nerve-tubes, 243 



Vasa lutea, 939 



Vascular area, 938 



lamina of Germinal Membrane, 936, 



938, 940 



Vegetable proximate principles, 111 



Vegetables, distinguished from Animals, 1 4; 

 food of, 2 ; movements of, 1, 283 ; early de- 

 velopment of, 3; formation of cells in, 106 

 109, 120125; general functions of, 107, 

 261; circulation in, 712 714; respiration 

 in, 750 ; reproduction in, 899 

 Veins, distribution of, 710; structure of, 743; 

 movement of blood in, 744; causes of con- 

 gestion in, 745; pulsation in, 723 c 



Ventricles of heart, contraction of, 718 721 ; 



force of, 726 ; thickness of, 723 ; capacity of, 



724 



Ventricles of brain, third, 358; fourth, 346, 



358 

 Vertebra, 21 ; origin of, 937 



Verfebral column in Fishes, 26 



Vertebrata, 5, 2025 ; skeleton of, 21, 22; ex- 

 tremities of, 22; predominance of nervous 

 system in, 20, 23 ; organs of animal and vege- 

 tative life in, 25; symmetry in, 25; intelli- 

 gence of, 23 ; nervous system of, 339 362 



Vesicles of Brain in Embryo, 358 



Vessels, formation of, in Plants, 218 ; in Ani- 

 mals, 221, 222 



Viability of Infant, earliest period of, 932 



Vierordt, his researches on respiration, 765, 

 767 



Villi of Mucous Membrane, 178, 472, 473 



Visceral system of nerves, see Sympathetic 



Visible direction, law of, 543 



Vision, sense of, 533 555; optical conditions 

 of, 534537; defective, 538; limits of, 540; 

 mental conditions of, 541 ; connection of, 

 with touch, 541, 542; erect, 543; single, 544, 

 545; appreciation of form by, 546, 547; of 

 distance, 548 ; of size, 549 ; persistence of 

 impressions, 551 ; complementary colours, 

 552 ; want of power to distinguish colours, 

 553; vanishing of images, 554; visual per- 

 ception of retina, 555 



Vital Action involves change, 254 



dependence of, on external stimuli, 



255, 258 



Vital Actions, classifications of, into Functions, 

 260 



Vital forces, 256 



Vitality, duration of in individual parts, 810 

 812; dormant, 255 



of general system, destroyed by sudden 



shock, 580, 735, 742 



Vital properties, 256, 258 ; retention of, 259 



Vitelline vessels, 939 



Vitreous humour, 190 



Voice, 602 619 ; conformation of larynx, 603 

 605; sounds resembling produced by 

 strings, 606 a ; by flute-pipes, 606 b ; by reeds, 

 606 c ; action of chordae vocales, 607; arti- 

 ficial larynx, 607 ; pitch, how regulated, 608 ; 

 falsetto notes, how produced, 609 ; influence 

 of air-passages on, 610 ; movements concern- 

 ed in, how directed, 611 



Volkmann, his experiments on Muscular con- 

 traction, 576 



Voluntary actions, distinguished from automa- 

 tic, 483 ; originate in Cerebrum, 483, 495 



Vomiting, 505 



Vowel sounds, 614, 615 



W. 



WAGNER, his observations on blood-corpuscles, 

 148, 155, 157, 159 a ; his account of develop- 

 ment of Spermatozoa, 902 

 Wasmann, his researches on pepsin 668 

 Waste of Animal tissues, see Decay, and Dis- 

 integration 



Weber, Prof., his researches on sensation, 522 ; 

 on absorption, 672; on movements of heart, 

 717 a 



Whale, Spermaceti, peculiar sensibility of, 526 

 Wheatstone, Prof., his Stereoscope, 546, 547 

 White corpuscles of blood, 151 159 

 White fibrous tissue, 138141 



