620 



OF SECRETION. 



[Fig. 225. 



23, 



kY. 



:'\\\\\\vii9 

 ,\ AMfBil, 



13 



4- 32 



The inferior or concave surface of the Liver, showing its subdivisions into lobes ; 1, centre of the right 

 lobe ; 2, centre of the left lobe ; 3, its anterior, inferior or thin margin ; 4, its posterior, thick or diaphragm- 

 atic portion ; 5, the right extremity ; 6, the left extremity ; 7, the notch in the anterior margin ; 8, the 

 umbilical or longitudinal fissure ; 9, the round ligament or remains of the umbilical vein ; 10, the portion 

 of the suspensory ligament in connection with the round ligament; 11, pons hepatis, or band of liver 

 across the umbilical fissure; 12, posterior end of longitudinal fissure ; 13, 14, attachment of the obliterated 

 ductus venosus to the ascending vena cava; 15, transverse fissure ; 16, section of the hepatic duct; 17, 

 hepatic artery; 18, its branches; 19, venaportarum ; 20, its sinus, or division into right and left branches; 

 21, fibrous remains of the duclus venosus; 22, gall-bladder : 23, its neck; 24, lobulus quartus; 25, lobulus 

 spigelii; 26, lobulus caudatus ; 27, inferior vena cava ; 28, curvature of liver to fit the ascending colon; 

 29, depression to fit the right kidney ; 30, upper portion of its right concave surface over the renal cap- 

 sule ; 31, portion of liver uncovered by the peritoneum; 32, inferior edge of the coronary ligament in the 

 liver; 33, depression made by the vertebral column.] 



closely allied to others that possess it. and without any marked difference in the food, habits, 

 &c. of the two. In Mammalia, again, it is frequently absent, especially among herbivorous 

 animals; sometimes, on the other hand, two are present, a second or accessory gall-bladder 



being formed upon the Ductus com- 



FFig 226 munis choledochus, which else- 



2 where not unfrequently presents a 



dilatation in the same situation. In 

 the first Giraffe dissected by Mr. 

 Owen, no gall-bladder was found ; 

 in the second there were two. 



/. In the Human species the gall- 

 bladder is rarely absent, except in 

 cases of malformation depending 

 upon general arrest of development, 

 in which several organs are in- 

 volved. The Excretory Ducts of 

 the Liver and Gall-bladder have 

 three coats, an internal or mucous, 

 a middle or fibrous, and an external 

 or arcolar. The internal coat is con- 

 tinuous with the Mucous membrane 

 of the intestinal tube, into which it 

 opens; and the whole glandular 

 structure may indeed be considered 

 as a complex prolongation of this, 

 copiously supplied with blood-ves- 

 sels, and packed into the smallest 

 possible compass. The middle or 

 Shows the three coats of the Gall-Bladder separated from fibrous coat bears a considerable 

 each other ; 1, the external or peritoneal coat; 2, the cellular resemblance in aspect to that of the 

 coat with its vessels injected; 3, the mucous coat covered Arteries; in its properties, however, 

 with wrinkles; 4, 4, valves formed by this coat in the neck of it is still more nearly allied to true 

 the gall-bladder; 5,5, orifices of the mucous follicles at this muscle, being capable of exhibiting 

 point.] contraction on the application of 



