SUMMARIES AND CORRELATIONS. 259 



show similar results in some cases at least. The difference between the 

 beginning of recovery of the simple reflexes and of the complex coordi- 

 nation processes is again relevant. While the first effects are not so 

 great in the case of coordinations, they are more persistent, and the 

 probability of their passing their base-line in recovery would seem to 

 be less. Moreover, it is in the direction of coordination of nervous 

 processes that one would reasonably expect the most serious and lasting 

 effects in the higher mental processes. 



There is no measurable difference in our records between the incidence 

 of the maximum effect after the smaller and after the larger dose. 

 Under comparable conditions the maximum effect came earlier after 

 dose B in approximately the same proportion of instances as after dose A. 



EFFECT OF REPETITION ON THE VARIOUS MEASUREMENTS. 



The effect of repetition on the various measurements is a matter of 

 some interest in forming an opinion of the applicability of the various 

 techniques for untrained subjects. The relevant data are given in 

 tables 48 and 49. 



From tables 48 and 49 it appears that the latent time of the reflex 

 lid-movement shows the smallest average percentile change of all the 

 comparable processes as a result of repetition. It is not zero for any 

 individual, but in this case, as in the general interpretation of our data, 

 we must not lose sight of our statistical principles that individual varia- 

 tion must be expected from numerous interacting tendencies. Only in 

 the group or in a considerable number of cases may these accidental 

 variations be expected to neutralize each other and disclose the syste- 

 matic or experimental change. 



The extent of the reflex lid-movement, on the other hand, decreased 

 more than any other measured phenomena, especially in the psycho- 

 pathic subjects. The general apprehensiveness of the psychopathies 

 on their first day in the laboratory would have given us a reasonable 

 ground for this change on the plausible, though unproved, assumption 

 that the protective reflexes would be increased in activity if the mental 

 "set" were in the direction of suspicion and fear. Partridge 1 held 

 that a diminished lid-reflex after alcohol was entirely accounted for by 

 the increased indifference of the subject. In the present case, however, 

 this ground becomes most problematical, inasmuch as the lid-reflex was 

 not measured until the third day of the series, when the apprehensive 

 attitude of the subjects had largely subsided. But as the data stand 

 it is doubtful if the two can be wholly divorced. 



The second smallest percentile effect of repetition in the main group 

 of subjects appears in the case of the word-reactions. This is a striking 

 confirmation of our previous experience and theoretical expectation, 

 to the effect that in the case of reading familiar words the few repetitions 



Cartridge, Studies in the Psychology of Intemperance, New York, 1912. 



