A. General Works. 3 



Vosmaer, G. C. J., 8. Neue Arbeiten iiber Schwamrne. in: Biol. Centralbl. 9. Bd. p 405 

 414. [3] 



Wilson, Henry V., Report as Bruce Fellow of the Johns Hopkins University, in: J. Hop- 

 kins Univ. Circ. Vol. 8 p 40. [Prelim. Communication.] 



A. General Works. 



Lendenfeld ( 4 ) gives an account of the chief papers on sponges, published since 

 1886.-- Dendy( 2 ) gives an alphabetical list of the genera and species of sponges 

 described by Carter, there being nearly 800 distinct species , arranged under 

 more than 200 generic names. 



Carter & Hope describe some new sponges. On the specific names cf. Carter ( 2 ). 

 - Hope describes some new sponges. - - Dendy (*) describes some sponges from 

 the Gulf of Manaar, 14 of which are new. 



Hanitsch gives a list of sponges found in the neighbourhood of Liverpool. 

 Anatomical details are given of Raspailia viminalis 0. S. (= Dictyocylindrus venti- 

 labntm Bwk.), R. stelligera 0. S. (= D. stuposus Bwk.), Polymastia mammillaris 

 Bwk. and Seiriola n. compacta n. [a Tetractinellid] . 



Topsent( J ) enumerates 46 sponges from Campeche and Point-a-Pitre (Gulf of 

 Mexico); 16 are new. - - Topsent ( 4 ) enumerates 10 more sponge-species from 

 Luc 'Channel). 



Schulze & Lendenfeld give a list of names for spicules, chiefly those mentioned 

 in the Challenger-Monographs of Schulze, Sollas, and Ridley & Dendy. Accord- 

 ing to the place, where they are found in the sponge, the authors distinguish two 

 groups, Dermalia and Parenchymalia. 



Vosmaer ( 1 , 3 ) found spongin also in Spiculispongiae. This made him modify 

 his classificatory views and partly accept the group Demospongiae of Sollas, viz. 

 with exception of the Myxospongiae. Thus Porifera are divided by him as fol- 

 lows : - - Cl. 1. P. incalcaria. Subcl. 1. Hexactinellida ; Subcl. 2. Demoterellida : 

 Ordol. Spiculispongiae, Ordo2. Cornacuspongiae. Cl. 2. P. calcaria. Theauthor 

 then discusses how far he can follow Sollas as to the classification given in his 

 monograph [cf. Bericht f. 1888 Porif. p 2]. 



Keller describes 46 species of sponges from the Red Sea, many of which are 

 new. They all belong to the Keratosa and Monactiuellida . The former are 

 (monophyletic) descendants from theRenieridae. The following genealogy is given : 



Renieridae 



Suberitidae 

 Ectyonidae 



Axinelli 



lidae Esperidae 



Spirastrellidae 



Chalinidae 



Spongillidae 



Danvinellidae 



Spongelidae 



Halisarcidae 



Aplysinidae 

 Paammaply- 

 sillidae 



Phyllospongidae 



Spongidae 

 To the Halisarcidae belong Halisarca and Bajalus as well as Oscarella. The genus 



