PREVIOUS RESEARCHES ON GASEOUS EXCHANGE. 17 



numerous observations of the respiratory exchange of two students, 

 B and P. 1 The experiments were made in Zuntz's laboratory and the 

 treadmill was used. In most of the experiments the subjects carried 

 the German army equipment with a considerable load, the maximum 

 weight of the load being 31.5 kilograms. In some of the experiments 

 they carried no load, and it is these latter experiments with which we 

 are chiefly concerned. The basal values were obtained with the sub- 

 ject lying upon a sofa. Both the resting and walking experiments 

 were made after the subject had taken a light breakfast. The usual 

 correction for the slight elevation of the treadmill is considered. The 

 experiments were so adjusted that both subjects could walk at the same 

 time upon the treadmill and two complete sets of respiration apparatus, 

 including gas-meters, were employed. The energy per horizontal 

 kilogrammeter is given in table 1, page 22. 



Observations of Durig and Zuntz, 190 4.. Observations on the metabo- 

 lism during walking on a horizontal level were carried out in Vienna, Col 

 d'Olen, and Capanna Margherita by Durig and Zuntz, and their results 

 were published in 1904. 2 The dry gas-meter and the mouthpiece, 

 valves, and nose-clamp were employed. The resting experiments were 

 made every morning with the subject in bed, except when a study was 

 made of the after-effect of work. Some of the resting values used for 

 experiments with Zuntz as a subject were taken from the published 

 results of a previous research. Both the resting and walking experi- 

 ments were without food. After the basal values obtained with the 

 subject lying in bed had been deducted, the energy per horizontal kilo- 

 grammeter was computed and is given in table 1, page 22. 



Observations of Caspari, 1905. In his study of vegetarianism, Cas- 

 pari 3 had an opportunity of studying the metabolism of two compet- 

 itors in a walking-match from Dresden to Berlin, one of whom was a 

 vegetarian and the other subsisted on a mixed diet. The experiments 

 were made upon a treadmill in Zuntz's laboratory and presumably the 

 Zuntz technique was carried out in all details. Striking differences 

 in the gait of the two subjects were noted. One of the subjects, K. M., 

 won the match, proving himself a particularly efficient walker. The 

 basal values were obtained while the subject was lying in absolute rest. 

 The walking experiments were made with food, and probably the rest 

 experiments also, although no statement is given in regard to the food 

 with the rest experiments. After the basal values had been deducted 

 from the values found with the treadmill, the energy per horizontal 

 kilogrammeter was computed and is given in table 1, page 24. 



Observations of Zuntz, Loewy, Mutter, and Caspari, 1906. In con- 

 nection with the classical research on the physiology of man in high 



x Zuntz and Schumburg, Studien zu einer Physiologie des Marsches. Hirschwald, Berlin, 1901. 

 2 Durig and Zuntz, Travaux de 1'annee 1903, Laboratoire scientifique international du Monte 

 Rosa, Turin, 1904, p. 65; also Archiv f. Anat. u. Physiol., Physiol. Abth., 1904, Suppbd., p. 417. 

 3 Caspari, Archiv f. d. ges. Physiol., 1905, 109, p. 473. 



