PREVIOUS RESEARCHES ON GASEOUS EXCHANGE. 21 



lism. 1 Numerous experiments were carried out in the Hoschschule 

 f. Bodenkultur in Vienna, with the treadmill both horizontal and 

 inclined, and with and without load. Presumably the wet gas-meter 

 was used. In the load experiments the subject carried a knapsack 

 with weights in it. In the 15 experiments with the treadmill horizontal, 

 the rate of walking ranged from 30.1 to 55.2 meters per minute, the 

 speed being low to correspond with the rate of walking in the experi- 

 ments with the treadmill inclined. Brezina himself was the subject. 

 The experiments were made in the forenoon, 1| hours after the taking 

 of a cup of sweetened tea. The base-line used was probably the values 

 obtained with the subject lying down, and the Zuntz method for deter- 

 mining the respiratory metabolism was employed. The caorlies 

 required per horizontal kilogrammeter are given in table 1, page 26. 



Observations of Galeotti, Barkan, Giuliani, Higgins, Signorelli, and 

 Viale, 1914. On an expedition to Col d'Olen on Monte Rosa in 1913 

 Galeotti, Barkan, Giuliani, Higgins, Signorelli, and Viale made a 

 number of observations on the gaseous metabolism of four individuals 

 while the subjects were walking on a level. 2 Since basal values were 

 obtained in only one instance, it was necessary to assume these for the 

 other subjects. The Douglas bag and the Siebe-Gorman valves were 

 used, except in one experiment when the Tissot valves were substituted. 

 Strict attention was given to the use of food, certain tests being specifi- 

 cally made after breakfast. The experiments which are reported here, 

 however, were made with the subjects in the post-absorptive condition. 

 An abstract of the values for the horizontal kilogrammeter is given in 

 table 1, page 26. 



SUMMARY OF RESULTS OF PREVIOUS OBSERVATIONS. 



In an attempt to arrange in chronological order a mathematical 

 expression of the values on a comparable basis, we have gathered 

 together all of the literature available on horizontal walking and sum- 

 marized the results of previous researches in table 1. In some of the 

 work, particularly in the earlier observations, certain assumptions were 

 essential. These assumptions, which were based upon careful analyses 

 of all of the experiments, upon deductions drawn from the experience of 

 this laboratory in metabolism experiments, and upon known and recog- 

 nized errors in technique are, we believe, justifiable and in all proba- 

 bility are not greatly in error. The table gives the name of the author 

 and the date of reporting the results of the research ; the name or initials 

 of the subjects of the walking experiments; the conditions under which 

 the experiments were made ; the method of measuring the respiratory 

 exchange; the kind of walking, i. e., in a room, out of doors, or on a 



Brezina and Kolmer, Biochem. Zeitschr., 1914, 65, p. 16. 



2 Galeotti, Barkan, Giuliani, Higgins, Signorelli, and Viale, Reale Accademia dei Lincei, Rome, 

 1914, and Arch. d. Fisiol., 1914, 12, p. 277. 



