64 



ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS DURING HORIZONTAL WALKING. 



the experiments without food from 1.28 to 1.57 calories per minute. 

 Excluding the extraordinarily high value of December 5, which is at 

 least in part explained by the alcoholic excesses of the preceding night, 

 the uniformity in the average values is for the most part striking. It 

 is also of interest to note that the average value obtained for all of the 

 standing experiments without food during December 1913, i. e., 1.34 

 calories, is the same as that of the average of two standing experiments 

 made by Mr. Higgins in December 1914. (See table 5.) It will be 

 seen, therefore, that for manj^ purposes an average basal value may be 

 used for this subject with propriety and that it may be assumed that 

 when standing quietly and in the post-absorptive condition, his average 

 heat output would correspond to 1.34 calories per minute. 



TABLE 6. Metabolism of subject I in the standing position. 

 [Observations made by Dr. Carl Tigerstedt. Average values per minute.] 



When the superimposed factor in a metabolism experiment is suf- 

 ficiently great to increase the metabolism several hundred per cent, as 

 is especially the case in muscular-work experiments, the use of a pre- 

 viously established average basal value is least liable to objection. 

 Although with this particular subject we may assume that we have a 

 fairly well-established basal value, as a matter of fact, to eliminate 

 possible wide variations we rarely used this average figure and the 

 absolutely determined basal value for each day, which was usually 

 available, was given the preference. 



