66 



ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS DURING HORIZONTAL WALKING. 



that with this subject a change in the body position from lying to 

 standing is accompanied by an increase of approximately 9 per cent 

 in the total metabolism. 



BASAL METABOLISM OF SUBJECT II. 



With the beginning of the prolonged research on the professional 

 athlete subject II (the bicycle-riding subject M. A. M. of Benedict and 

 Cathcart), we planned definitely to secure much more extended data 

 as to the metabolism during various standing positions, to supplement 

 the preliminary data obtained with subject I by observations made on 

 subject II after the ingestion of food, and to determine in addition 

 the metabolism of the subject in the sitting position. These studies 

 were wholly incidental to the main problem of studying the motion 

 of forward progression and were made primarily with a view to illum- 

 inating the possible selection of the most advantageous and the most 

 scientifically sound base-lines. At the time the observations were made, 

 we were not certain of their ultimate use in the final computations, so 

 they may properly be considered as a study of the metabolism in the 

 standing and sitting positions, with and without food. 



METABOLISM IN THE LYING POSITION. 



The observation of the post-absorptive metabolism of this subject in 

 the lying position was confined to one experiment which was made 

 through the kindness of Mr. L. E. Emmes, of the Laboratory staff, 

 but a large number of basal values for this position were also available 

 as a result of the previous study of the subject by Cathcart. The 

 results obtained in the experiment made by Mr. Emmes and an average 

 value for the results obtained by Cathcart are given in table 7. 



TABLE 7. Metabolism of subject II in the lying position in experiments without food. 

 [Observations made by Mr. L. E. Emmes. Values per minute.] 



l The duration of each period on April 18 was about 15 minutes and 3 seconds. 

 2 Average of experiments made by Benedict and Cathcart. See Carnegie Inst. Wash. Pub. 187, 

 1913, p. 78. 



