32 FOOD INGESTION AND ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS. 



experiment. Since the experiments were designed to study likewise 

 the influence of environmental temperature, a number were made at 

 a temperature of 17.3 to 19.1 C., others at 31.9 to 32.7 C., and some 

 at 37.4 to 37.6 C. The author concludes that at room temperature, 

 17 to 19 C., there is no effect on the carbon-dioxide production as the 

 result of drinking water. At a temperature of 31 to 32 C. there is a 

 very slight increase in the carbon-dioxide production. At a tempera- 

 ture of 37 C. the data are negative. 



Jaquet and Svenson, 1900. Although Jaquet and Svenson 1 worked 

 with obese subjects, their experiences are not without interest. Using 

 the Zuntz-Geppert respiration apparatus and making experiments 

 at least 12 hours after the last meal, they studied the effect of a meat 

 diet, also of a mixed diet consisting of coffee, milk, bread, butter, meat, 

 rice, wine, potato, and carrots. The average fasting values found lie 

 within the normal limits obtained by other investigators. From the 

 food experiments the authors conclude that the increase in the combus- 

 tion processes caused by the ingestion of food is decidedly less and of 

 shorter duration with these three obese individuals than with normal 

 men. 



Koraen, 1901. Using precisely the same respiration apparatus as 

 Sonden and Tigerstedt, Koraen 2 in 1901 published under the direction 

 of Johansson a series of observations on himself to study the influence 

 of the ingestion of various kinds of foods. In these experiments spe- 

 cial care was taken to secure muscular repose. The series consisted 

 of 6 fasting experiments, 6 with the ingestion of 65.6 grams of fat, 

 6 with 160 grams of cane sugar, and 8 with 215 grams of cooked ham 

 which supplied about 52 grams of protein. In 6 other experiments a 

 mixed diet, consisting of 250 grams of uncooked carrots, 125 grams of 

 rye bread, and 20 grams of butter, was used. The author concludes 

 that the total metabolism shows no increase after the ingestion of 

 about 66 grams of fat, rises somewhat after the ingestion of about 165 

 grams of cane sugar, and increases markedly after 52 grams of protein. 

 A marked increase was also noted after the ingestion of the mixed diet. 

 After the ingestion of protein the basal value was not reached until 

 about the seventh hour, but after the ingestion of the mixed diet it 

 was reached about the fifth hour. 



Zuntz and Schumburg, 1901. In their well-known study on the 

 physiology of walking, Zuntz and Schumburg 3 report a few experiments 

 with their two subjects which may be used for noting the influence of 

 the ingestion of food. They record that with one subject the noon meal 

 resulted in an increase in the oxygen consumption of 22 per cent and 

 with the other 20.5 per cent. 



'Jaquet and Svenson, Zeitschr. f. klin. Med., 1900, 41, p. 375. 

 "Koraen, Skand. Arch. f. Physiol., 1901, 11, p. 176. 



and Schumburg, Physiologic des Marsches, 1901. 



