PREVIOUS INVESTIGATIONS. 45 



basal value the authors used 34.7 calories 1 per square meter per hour 

 as the average heat production of fasting normal men between 20 and 

 50 years of age. After giving 200 grams of dextrose or its equivalent 

 in commercial glucose on 2 days subsequent to the fasting experiments, 

 it was found that this amount caused an average increase of 12.5 per 

 cent in the heat production during the first 3 to 6 hours and that 100 

 grams caused an average increase of 9 per cent. A casein meal, with 

 10.5 grams nitrogen, increased the metabolism 12 per cent, and 725 

 grams of beef, with almost 24 grams of nitrogen, increased it 22 per 

 cent. 



Gephart and Du Bois, 1916. In a continuation of the calorimeter 

 experiments at the Russell Sage Institute of Pathology, Gephart and 

 Du Bois 2 report 3 experiments with one subject, 1 experiment after 79 

 grams of olive oil, and 2 experiments after 115 grams of commercial 

 glucose. The basal value for these determinations was obtained 2 days 

 after the 3 experiments were completed. The authors state that their 

 subject "1 to 4 hours after 115 grams of commercial glucose (the equiv- 

 alent of 100 grams dextrose) showed an average metabolism 11 per cent 

 higher than the basal determination two days later." Little increase 

 in the metabolism was noted after the 79 grams of olive oil. 



Kopciowski, 1916. Using the somewhat cumbersome Biirgi appara- 

 tus, which was designed primarily for experiments during walking, 

 Kopciowski 3 measured the metabolism on himself in 10-minute experi- 

 ments before and after food in both the lying and sitting positions; 

 only the carbon-dioxide production was determined. In 13 experi- 

 ments without food, with the subject in the lying position, he found 

 the average carbon-dioxide production to be 4.557 grams per 10 min- 

 utes; after dinner this increased 17 per cent. In 4 experiments with- 

 out food, with the subject in the sitting position, the carbon-dioxide 

 production was 4.687 grams per 10 minutes; in 17 experiments after 

 breakfast or dinner this was increased to an average of 5.248 grams of 

 carbon dioxide, or an increase of 12 per cent. Without oxygen meas- 

 urements it is obvious that no corrections can be made for alterations 

 in the character of the katabolism. 



Aub and Du Bois, 1917. A significant series of experiments on 

 dwarfs and legless men with the Russell Sage calorimeter was made 

 by Aub and Du Bois 4 to study the so-called specific dynamic action of 

 protein. The subjects were given a meal of 660 grams of lean beefsteak 

 containing approximately 23 to 25 grams of nitrogen. The investiga- 

 tors laid special emphasis upon the excretion of sulphur. They state 

 that the increase in metabolism following the meat diet was larger for a 



the Meeh formula. Subsequently the Du Bois linear formula increased this value. 

 'Gephart and Du Bois, Arch. Intern. Med., 1916, 17, p. 902; Cornell Univ. Med. Bull.. 1917. 



6, p. 48. 



3 Kopciowski, Arch. f. d. ges. Physiol., 1916, 163, p. 247. 

 4 Aub and Du Bois, Arch. Intern. Med., 1917, 19, p. 840. 



