148 FOOD INGESTION AND ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS. 



these being 15 and 16 per cent, respectively. While the results of 

 the experiment on January 13 may be open to the general criticism 

 that J. J. C. was, as a rule, an unsatisfactoiy subject in many ways, 

 yet so far as we can see there is nothing about the experiment which 

 can be criticized, and we believe that the increment of 15 per cent 

 represents a true increment. Reference to table 73 shows that in 

 the experiment with J. J. C. on January 13, the total increase in the 

 carbon-dioxide production was 8 per cent and in the oxygen consump- 

 tion it was 13 per cent of the basal value. In the experiment with 

 T. M. C. on January 12 (see table 72), the total increase in the car- 

 bon-dioxide production was 11 per cent and in the oxygen consump- 

 tion 22 per cent. Evidently in both these cases there were actual in- 

 crements in the metabolism due to the drinking of water. 



The two experiments with the high increments were made with the 

 chair calorimeter in Boston and in periods approximately 2| hours in 

 length. The series of experiments with the universal respiration 

 apparatus, in which the periods were approximately 15 minutes each 

 but which covered a total period between the drinking of the water and 

 the end of the last period of 50 minutes to approximately 2| hours, 

 shows values considerably at variance with those obtained with the 

 calorimeter. (See table 68.) In no case was the increment over 2 

 per cent and in two out of the six experiments there was, as a matter of 

 fact, a slight decrease. The amount of water taken in these respiration 

 experiments was much smaller than that taken in the calorimeter 

 experiments, but this can not account entirely for the small increments, 

 as the calorimeter experiment with A. W. W. on March 27, 1907, in 

 which the largest amount of water was taken, namely, 3,935 grams, 

 resulted in a decrease in the metabolism of 3 per cent. 1 



From the results of both series of experiments it is safe to conclude 

 that when not over 500 grams of water are taken, as in the respiration 

 experiments, the ingestion of water with a temperature of either 22 or 

 55 C. produces no significant increment of the basal metabolism. 

 Since the two calorimeter experiments on January 12 and 13, 1911, 

 apparently showed true increments in the metabolism due to water- 

 drinking, there may be with more than 500 grams of cold water an 

 increase as great as 16 per cent above the basal value. Although the 

 subjective impressions of the two men showing the large increment 

 were not recorded with sufficient detail to indicate any peculiar sensa- 

 tions, it is not impossible that we may have here a nervous phenomenon 

 not unlike those mentioned by Loewy. (See page 140.) 



The pulse was counted in a considerable number of instances; 

 measurements were likewise made of the blood pressure by means of 



'Mention should horo be made of the experiments carried out by Ranke (see table 2, p. 17) in 

 which the carbon-dioxide production for 24 hours of fasting without water was 603.5 grams, 

 :md on another day with the subject fasting with 2.10!) c.c. writer it was G02.0 grams. 



