194 



FOOD INGESTION AND ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS. 



RICE. 



The changes in the metabolism due to the ingestion of boiled rice 

 were also studied in one experiment in Middletown. 



A. L. L., May 27, 1907 (652 grams rice, with a fuel value of 432 

 calories). As shown in table 122, the carbon-dioxide production was 

 increased in the first two periods only. Owing to defective technique, 

 it was necessary to combine the results for the oxygen consumption 

 in the second and third periods ; practically no increment in this factor 

 was noted. A slight increment in the heat production was found in 

 the first period, but the subsequent results differed but little from the 

 basal value. The respiratory quotients for the first 6 hours were 1 or 

 over. While an increment in the carbon-dioxide production charac- 

 teristic of carbohydrate metabolism is shown clearly in the first two 

 periods, there was no indication in the results obtained for either the 

 oxygen consumption or the heat production that the metabolism 

 increased noticeably as a result of the ingestion of the rice. 



TABLE 122. ,1. L. L., May 27, 1907. Sitting. (2-hour periods.) 

 Rice (boiled): 



Amount, 652 grams; nitrogen, 2.03 grams; total energy, 449 cals. 



Fuel value: Total, 432 cals.; from protein, 12 p. ct.; from fat, 1 p. ct. ; from carbohydrates, 



87 p. ct. 



Nitrogen in urine, 0.71 gram per 2 hours. 

 Basal values (May 4, 1907): CO 2 , 51 grams; O2, 43 grams; heat, 1 158 cals. 



eliminated corrected for change in body-weight, but not for change in body-temperature- 

 "Subject ate rice in 20 minutes. 



GENERAL DISCUSSION OF CALORIMETER EXPERIMENTS WITH CARBOHYDRATES. 



In the foregoing discussion of the individual calorimeter experiments 

 certain features common to each were pointed out. From the results 

 given in tables 101 to 122, we may conclude that the effect on the car- 

 bon-dioxide excretion was relatively uniform in that a marked increase 

 in the first 1-hour or 2-hour period was followed by considerable 

 increases which gradually decreased in magnitude as the experiment 

 progressed. With the oxygen consumption the increment, when noted, 

 was almost invariably in the first period ; subsequent periods showed such 

 irregularity in values as to allow no other inference than that probably 

 the base-line had been reached. With the heat product ion an increment 

 was again definitely observed, usually in the first period, subsequent 

 periods showing slight fluctuations either above or below the basal value. 



