INGESTION OF CARBOHYDRATES. 



203 



tested by one of us 1 and their capacity for yielding accurate results has 

 been proved. 



The universal respiration apparatus measures both the carbon- 

 dioxide excretion and the oxygen consumption, and special records are 

 made of the pulse rate and the respiration rate. The spirometer 

 form of the apparatus also gives a record of the ventilation of the lungs. 

 Although the heat production is not measured by this apparatus, it 

 has been computed by the indirect method from the measurements of 

 the oxygen consumption by means of the factors for non-protein quo- 

 tients of Zuntz and Schumburg. 2 It should be stated that in this 

 computation no correction was made for the heat resulting from the 

 combustion of protein and the actual non-protein quotients were not 



TABLE 125. Comparison of values for heat as computed until observed and non-protein quotients. 



(Values per minute.) 



'See tables 140 and 145, pp. 212 and 213. Diet: 100 grams levulose, with juice of one lemon. 

 2 Basal value; average of 3 periods. 



computed. Magnus-Levy 3 has shown that only a slight error of 

 approximately 3 per cent results from neglecting to compute the pro- 

 tein metabolism in indirect calorimetry. The small variations due to 

 the use of the determined quotients in our computations are illustrated 

 by the comparison made in table 125. It has therefore not seemed 

 justifiable to recompute the heat values on the basis of the non-protein 

 respiratory quotient, especially as the results had only a differential 

 significance in this study and the increment above the basal value was 

 the special object of the computations. In most cases, the respira- 

 tory quotients as determined are but 2 to 5 points lower than the non- 

 protein respiratory quotients. With the high-nitrogen diets, the dif- 

 ferences are even smaller. 



'Carpenter, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Pub. No. 216, 1915, pp. Ill and 227. 

 J Zuntz and Schumburg, Physiologie des Marsches, 1901, p. 361. 



'See Loewy, Oppenheimer's Handbuch der Biochemie, 1911, 4 (1), p. 281; also Magnus-Levy, 

 von Noorden's Handbuch der Pathologic des Stoffwechsels, 1896, 1, p. 207. 



