INGESTION OF CARBOHYDRATES. 227 



In the 75-gram experiments the average of the maximum increment 

 values for the carbon-dioxide production was 19 per cent and for the 

 oxygen consumption was 12 per cent. The average of the maximum 

 values for the heat production was 13 per cent, this being but slightly 

 less than that found with 100 grams. Basing our conclusions upon 

 these four experiments, therefore, the reduction in the amount of 

 carbohydrate ingested from 100 to 75 grams produces but a relatively 

 slight decrease in the maximum effect. The time at which this 

 occurred was not greatly different from that in the 10 experiments 

 with 100 grams of dextrose, being from 1 \ to 1| hours. 



Thus, with dextrose, the results obtained with the respiration appa- 

 ratus completely confirm the observations with the respiration calo- 

 rimeter that the maximum effect with carbohydrates is obtained inside 

 of the first 1 or 2 hours. The average length of the observations, 

 i. e., from the taking of the food to the end of the last experimental 

 period, was 4 hours with 100 grams and 2 h 50 m with the 75-gram amounts. 

 It is clear that in both series of experiments the observation was 

 sufficiently long to include the possible maximum effect. 



LEVULOSE. 



With 100 grams of levulose 7 experiments were made with as many 

 different subjects. (See table 170.) The carbon-dioxide production 

 showed even greater maximum increments than in the case of the dex- 

 trose, namely, from 25 per cent to 38 per cent, with an average of 32 per 

 cent. The maximum increment in the oxygen consumption ranged from 

 8 per cent to 14 per cent, with an average of 11 per cent. The "peak" 

 effect in the heat production ranged from 11 per cent above basal to 18 

 per cent, with an average of 15 per cent. The experiments continued 

 for an average length of 4 h 10 m , the greatest exception being that with 

 A. J. O., which was but I h 29 m . On the average the maximum effect 

 was obtained between lj and 1^ hours after the taking of food. Two 

 experiments with but 75 grams, both with J. J. C., showed maximum 

 values strikingly uniform with those obtained on the average with 

 the 100-gram amount. Since there was but one subject, however, the 

 comparison has no great value, particularly as no 100-gram experiment 

 was made with this subject. Although the second experiment with 

 J. J. C. was only I h 15 m in length, it is probable that the maximum effect 

 occurred in this time. 



SUCROSE. 



Eight experiments with 100 grams sucrose and seven experiments 

 with approximately 75 grams sucrose give a fairly good picture of the 

 maximum effect due to the ingestion of sucrose. The data are shown 

 in table 171. In the last three experiments with 100 grams the length 

 of the observation was not so great as in the experiments previously 

 considered, and in one or two instances the experiment was probably 



