THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE EXTERNAL NOSE IN WHITES 



AND NEGROES, 



BY ADOLPH H. SCHULTZ. 



The human nose, in the adult stage, furnishes one of the most important dif- 

 ferential characteristics of the various races. The question as to how early in its 

 development this racial difference becomes apparent is treated herein, although the 

 main purpose of the study has been to add something to our knowledge of conditions 

 of growth of the external nose. 



MATERIAL. 



The material used as the basis of the study consisted of 320 fetuses of the 

 Carnegie Embryological Collection, all of which were normal specimens in good 

 condition. The great majority of them had been preserved in 10 per cent formalin, 

 the remainder in 80 per cent alcohol or 3 per cent carbolic acid. The fetuses range 

 in age from the tenth week of pregnancy to full-term. The former age was chosen 

 as the minimum because younger fetuses could not be measured with the same 

 instruments used for those of more advanced development, nor could the same 

 technique be applied. Of the specimens 254 were whites, 58 American negroes, 4 

 Filipinos, 3 Indians, and 1 Japanese. In 

 a very few cases no data concerning the 

 race could be obtained; these specimens, 

 however, were recognized to be white on 

 the basis of a careful metric comparison 

 with material of known origin, and in 

 every instance the evidence was perfectly 

 conclusive. The determination of the 

 age was based on the sitting height, ac- 

 cording to Keibel and Mall (1910) . For 

 the purpose of comparison measure- 

 ments analogous to those taken on fetuses 

 were made on the bodies of 8 children 

 and 35 adults. 



Table 1 shows the numerical distri- 

 bution of the material in reference to 



TABLE 1. Numbers of specimens according to race and age. 



age. Fetal material of sufficient quan- 

 tity for a classification according to weeks was available only up to the end of the 

 fifth month. Specimens from the sixth month were classified in two groups, while 

 those from the later months of intrauterine life constituted such a small minority 

 that they were considered without regard to weekly divisions. The average sit- 

 ting heights of whites and negroes of corresponding age are frequently somewhat 

 at variance. Relatively speaking, however, these differences are negligible. 



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