DEVELOPMENT OF EXTERNAL NOSE IN WHITES AND NEGROES. 



177 



From the absolute measurements a number of relative ones, or indices, have 

 been obtained according to the following formulae: 



Relative nasal height: 



nasal height. 



Relative nasal breadth: r 



upper face height 



nasal breadth 



xioo. 



i n t e rzygomatic bread th 



XIOO. 



, . nasal breadth 



Nasal index: - -XlOO. 



nasal height 



Upper facial index: - 



upper face height, 



interzygomatic breadth 



xioo. 



Relative interocular breadth : 



interocular breadth 

 interzygomatic breadth 



XIOO. 



nasal breadth 



Lower to upper nasal breadth: . - -r 



interocular breadth 



THE HEIGHT OF THE NOSE. 



Table 2 is a compilation of the averages and ranges of variation of the nasal 

 height, upper-face height, and relative nasal height in the different age groups. To 

 calculate standard deviations and variation coefficients for measurements on 

 fetuses can serve no purpose, in as much as every age group represents a certain 

 portion of intrauterine growth during which the size of the specimens increases. 



TABLE 2. 



The deviations and coefficients would, therefore, become larger than in a group of 

 fetuses of exactly the same age. 1 The range of variation of the nasal height and of 

 the upper-face height is very considerable in whites as well as in negroes. In some 



'The greatest number of specimens of the same size was found in six whites of 65 mm. sitting height; in these the nasal 

 height varied from 4.1 to 5.0 mm. 



