DEVELOPMENT OF EXTERNAL NOSE IN WHITES AND NEGROES. 



179 



relative nasal height and 100 expresses the relative height of the upper lip, the 

 latter, as a necessary consequence of the preceding, being greater in negroes than 



TABLE 4. Relative increases in size. 



/Negro 



-week 



month - 



-year 



2. adulh 



10.11. 12 13 It. 15. lt> 17 IS Ij 20222't 7 8. 9. (0. 

 FIGURE 2. Curves of the average relative nasal heights. 



in whites. The ranges of variation of the relative nasal height in the two races 

 overlap each other extensively; therefore this index has but little value in racial 

 diagnosis except in extreme cases where the measurement exceeds 77.5, a number 

 never found in negroes. 



A Japanese fetus of the eleventh week had a relative nasal height of 70.5, 

 which is about equal to the corresponding figure in wliites. The Filipinos showed 

 for this measurement the following values: eleventh week 82.5, fourteenth week 

 67.1, nineteenth week 63.9, and twenty-first week 57.1; these are greater in the 

 beginning, while later they are much smaller than the corresponding figures in 

 whites. The Indians have for this index in the sixteenth week 59.1 , in the eighteenth 

 week 76.9, and in the twentieth week 76.9, the first figure being smaller, the latter 

 two larger than the averages of corresponding ages in whites. Unfortunately, these 

 cases are too few to warrant any conclusions, and are merely intended to place on 

 record the measurements obtained in these rare specimens. 



Two fetuses of Macacus cynomolgus, sitting height 35 and 56 mm., measured 

 by Toldt (1903), had relative nasal heights of 80.0 and 79 .P respectively, figures 

 which are close to the upper extreme of this index in man. 



NASAL BREADTH. 



Table 5 shows the averages and ranges of variation of the absolute and relative 

 nasal breadth. The variability of the nasal breadth is very considerable; the rela- 

 tive ranges of variation in whites, ascertained by the same method as was employed 

 for the nasal height, are as shown in table 6. The average of these relative ranges 

 of variation for the nasal breadth is 35 and for the nasal height 36. The breadth 

 of the nose is therefore practically as variable as the height. The relative ranges 

 of variation of both are smaller in adults than in fetuses. The 51 adult whites 

 measured by Schwerz (1911) give a relative range of variation of 32 for the nasal 

 height and of 30 for the nasal breadth, and the author's material of 25 adult negroes 

 showed 26 for the nasal height and 30 for the nasal breadth. The average nasal 

 breadth shows a steady increase with age except in the tenth month, which is 



