182 



DEVELOPMENT OF EXTERNAL NOSE IN WHITES AND NEGROES. 



TABLE 9. 



an index below 24 is sure to be found only in whites. The extremes of this index, 

 as found in fetuses, are 20.6 and 40.0. 



The Japanese fetus of the eleventh week had a relative nasal breadth of 31.7- 

 i. e., below the average of whites of the same age. The four Filipinos show the 

 following values for this relative measurement: Eleventh week, 36.4; fourteenth 

 week, 29.6; nineteenth week, 31.4; twenty-first week, 25.0. The three Indians: 

 Sixteenth week, 29.6; eighteenth week, 30.6; twentieth week, 27.9. All the Fili- 

 pinos, as well as Indians, show greater relative nasal breadths than the averages in 

 whites of corresponding ages. 



Of the two macacus fetuses of Toldt, the younger had a relative nasal breadth 

 of 37.5, the older one of 36.4. The gorilla fetus of Duckworth (1902), with a 

 sitting height of 71 mm., had a relative nasal breadth of 34.1, and the one described 

 by Deniker (1887), with a sitting height of 136 mm., had a nasal breadth of 38.8. 

 These figures of catarrhine apes are higher than those of corresponding stages of 

 human fetuses, and are situated at the upper end of the range of variation of this 



measurement in man. 



NASAL INDEX. 



Table 8 (on p. 181) gives the averages and ranges of variation of the nasal index 

 and the averages of the upper facial index . The relative ranges of variation for the 

 nasal index of whites are as shown in table 9. The nasal index has 

 a variability which is at least equal to that of the absolute nasal 

 measurements. This leads to the conclusion that there can exist 

 no close correlation between nasal height and breadth, which con- 

 stitute the index. Broca (1872) calculated the nasal index in 21 

 skulls of fetuses from the fourth to the fifth month; the relative 

 range of variation of this series was 44. The relative range of 

 variation of the nasal index in the 25 adult negroes and the 51 

 adult whites, previously used for comparison, was 30 and 43 respectively. The 



great variability of the nasal index is as 

 well marked in fetuses as in adults, and as 

 pronounced in the fetal nasal skeleton as in 

 the fetal external nose. Broca's conclusion 

 that "la forme de la region nasale est bien 

 plus sujette que la forme generale du crane 

 aux caprices des variations individuelles" 

 needs only to be changed in reference to 

 the external nose and head to hold good 

 for fetuses. The extremes of the nasal 

 index in fetuses are 80.0 and 166.7. 



A racial difference of this index is found 

 during the entire development, the negroes 

 showing always greater averages than the 

 whites (see curves in fig. 4). The greater 

 fluctuation of the curve of growth of the 



130 

 125 

 120 

 115 

 1)0 

 105 

 100 

 95 

 .v 

 85 

 y> 

 75 

 70 

 tt 

 60 



-week 



W. 11 12. 13 1t 15. 16 17 18 IQ 20 22 21 7. 8 10 



FIGURE 4. Curves of average nasal indices. 



