DEVELOPMENT OF EXTERNAL NOSE IN WHITES AND NEGROES. 189 



even parallel in whites, while in negroes they usually occupy a transverse position. 

 In one negro fetus (No. 2088) of the beginning of the seventh month, the axes of 

 the nostrils were even diverging forward, a condition resembling that prevailing 

 in many monkeys. In older negro fetuses, and also in some older white ones, 

 the sulcus alaris frequently extends beneath the nostril, thus separating the latter 

 from the upper lip through a fold-like structure (see Nos. 6, 10, 12, plate 1). In 

 younger fetuses of both races the nostrils are frequently found to be some little 

 distance away from the upper lip, but here a sulcus alaris is only indicated and 

 does not extend to the lower surface of the nose. As has been mentioned before, the 

 nostrils of both races are, in the beginning, circular in form, while later on in whites 

 their anterior portions become distended as the result of the increase in depth 

 i. e., the developing prominence of the nose in this race. In negroes, on the other 

 hand, it is the lateral part of the nostril that becomes distended in consequence of 

 the great increase in the breadth of the nose. 



Finally, it may be stated that three white fetuses (Nos. 1823, 1833, and 1903) 

 from the fifth and sixth month showed a distinct sulcus medialis apicis nasi. This 

 sulcus is not of rare occurrence in adult whites, but has never been observed in 

 adult negroes nor in negro fetuses. 



SUMMARY. 



It may be concluded, from the occurrence of the decrease of the relative nasal 

 height, as well as of the relative nasal breadth during intrauterine development, 

 that with advancing fetal age the size of the nose diminishes in relation to the size 

 of the face. The growth of the height of the nose exceeds that of the breadth, which 

 fact is proved by the steadily diminishing nasal index. The relative interocular 

 breadth decreases in the growing fetus, and this to a greater degree than the nasal 

 breadth; therefore, the breadth of the nose manifests a less active growth in its 

 upper part. Besides these general rules, which hold good for both races, this study 

 has shown that the nose of negroes is different from that of whites during the entire 

 fetal period. One of the most marked points of distinction is the nasal breadth, 

 which is greater in negroes, absolutely as well as in relation to the nasal height and 

 to the facial breadth. Further differential characteristics are the blunter appear- 

 ance of the nose in negroes and the great frequency of a transverse position of the 

 nostrils in older fetuses of that race. 



The variability in form as well as in size of the external nose of fetuses is very 

 considerable in all stages. 



