Action of Hydrated and Nonhydrated Salts on Saponification. Ill 



(5) The curves for the saponification of methyl formate are very 

 similar to those for methyl acetate. 



(6) The large effect of salts with water of crystallization is probably 

 due, in part, to their being hydrated, combined water being more highly 

 ionized than free water. 



(7) The amount of the saponification (and therefore the position of 

 the curve) seems to be due to the combined effect of both cation and 

 anion. 



(8) It is probable that anions as well as cations are hydrated. 



(9) The hydration of cations is inversely proportional to their 

 atomic volumes. 



(10) There seems to be a dilution of maximum saponification for 

 each salt. 



(11) Hydrated salts show a large temperature coefficient, notwith- 

 standing the decomposition of hydrates with rise in temperature. 



(12) Decomposition of hydrates may play an important role in the 

 increased velocity of chemical reactions with rise in temperature. 



(13) The chemical differences between free and combined water are 

 analogous to the physical differences. 



