RELATING TO SECONDARY SEXUAL CHARACTERS. 77 



Fringilla ccelebs, fide Clarke. 



Linota cannabina, fide Blyth. 



Linota rufescens, fide Blyth. 



Nectarinia asiatica, fide Blyth. 



Callus (domestic fowl), fide Yarrell and others; col. fig. "B. of Sherwood," p. 183. 



Pavo (peahen), fide Latham; fig. "Synopsis," ii, pi. 60. 



Meleagris (Turkey), fide Bechstein. 



Phasianus colchicus, fide Edwards and others. Of common occurrence in a semi- 

 domesticated state. 



Thaumalea picta, fide Edwards. 



Euplocamus nycthemerus, fide Yarrell. 



Pucrasia nipalensis, fide Blyth. 



Tetrao tetrix, fide Bond; col. fig. Dresser, "B. of Eur.," vi, 205. 



Tetrao urogallus, fide Nilsson; col. fig. "Unser Auer-, Rackel- und Birkwild und 

 seine Abarten," by A. B. Meyer. 



Otis tarda, fide Tiedmann. 



Anas (domestic duck), fide Rowley; col. fig. "Orn. Misc.," i, p. 118. 



Anas boschas, fide Hancock; fig. col. " Scandinavisk Fauna," pi. 163. 



Fuligula marila, fide Blyth; see also P. Z. S., 1885, p. 246. 



Mergus serrator, fide Gurney. 



Mareca penelope, fide Cecil Smith. 



"Perhaps the Kestrel (Tinnunculus alaudarius) ought not to be included 

 in this catalogue, for so many have been seen with the lower part of the back 

 blue or bluish, as to leave little doubt that the female generally becomes so if 

 she lives long enough. 



"It is said that the females in Oriolus generally become as bright as males in 

 time ('Ibis/ 1864, p. 412; 'Field,' June 24th and July 8th, 1871)." 



"P. S. Mr. W. Tegetmeier tells me he has known a barnyard cock moult 

 into hen's plumage, which is the converse of the instances narrated in this 

 paper, and rather resembles the annual change which takes place in Anas 

 boschas and others of that tribe." 



In a later notice Gurney makes the following statement: 



"The bearded tit (Panurus biarmicus) may be added to the list of female 

 birds which are known to occasionally assume male plumage. In the summer 

 of 1882 a bearded tit, two years old, in Mr. J. G. Keulemans' aviary, hatched 

 five eggs and moulted, during which operation she suffered much from cold 

 and stiffness, and when she recovered her plumage it was partly that of the 

 male (c/. 'The Field,' Sept. 14, 1872)." 



Brandt, who has reviewed the literature very thoroughly, cites the 

 following cases: 



"Galeinacei: Gallus bankiva domest., Phasianus pictus, torquatus, col- 

 chicus, mongolicus and nycthemerus, Pavo cristatus domest., Meleagris gallo- 

 pave domest., Perdix einerea, Tetrao urogallus, tetrix und bonasia. 



"Passeres: Fringilla coelebs, Pyrrhula vulgaris, coccinea, Loxia chloris, 

 Turdus merula, Ruticilla phoenicurus, ochrura, chrysogastra, Cyanecula 

 Wolfii, Sturnus vulgaris, Ampelis cotinga. 



"Scansores: Cuculus canorus, Edolius glandarius. 



" Grallatores : Machetes pugnax. 



"Natatores: Anas boschas domest. 



"Es ware denkbar, dass die Hahnenfedrigkeit, wenn auch in verkapptem 

 Grade, alien Vogeln, selbst denjenigen zukomme, deren Gefieder uns ges- 

 chlechtlich uniform zu sein scheint. Wie dem auch sei, einzelne Genera und 

 Species scheinen mehr, andere weniger zur Arrhenoidie pradisponirt. So 



